Alcohol is its own macronutrient but has no nutritional value. Check out our latest blog for more info on what type of nutrient alcohol is and how to keep track of it.
Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!
The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.
You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.
Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol.
And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).
The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!
You’re watching an episode of your favorite TV show, Friends, where the gang is gathered at Central Perk. Monica is introducing her latest health-conscious recipe while Joey is just trying to figure out if beer counts as a carb. It’s a humorous moment, but it gets you thinking — how does alcohol fit into your diet?
Alcohol is considered a macronutrient, but it doesn’t fall into the category of carbohydrate, protein, or fat. So, how do we track when we’re counting our “macros” to reach our nutrition goals? Let’s dive into the science behind alcohol and its place in nutrition. Whether you’re a fitness enthusiast or trying to understand more about the effects of alcohol on your health, we’ll help you make sense of it all.
Macronutrients, also commonly referred to as macros, are the building blocks of our nutrition. They are the primary source of energy that we get from food, which includes three main categories: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The other main component of our nutrition is micronutrients. Micronutrients are smaller nutritional categories that include vitamins and minerals. Think of the zinc, magnesium, and potassium in a steak rather than the protein, which is the macronutrient. Micronutrients are no less important, but just needed in smaller amounts.
The three main macronutrients are essential to our nutrition, as they have different functions. A balanced diet consists of all three:
A general breakdown of macronutrients in a balanced diet consists of around 20%-35% of calories from fat, 10-35% from protein, and 45%-65% from carbohydrates. Keep in mind, individual dietary requirements may differ, but this is just a general guideline. We can also adjust our macronutrients based on our goals. For example, if we want to build more muscle, we can increase our protein intake. If our goal is weight loss, we can focus on lowering our carbohydrate intake. Keeping track of our macros helps us reach various health goals. But where does alcohol fit in?
Alcohol is considered the fourth macronutrient since it’s not a protein, carbohydrate, or fat, but still contains calories that the body burns off. But just because macronutrients are the building blocks of our nutrition, doesn’t mean alcohol should be part of our diet. Unlike the other macronutrients, alcohol has no nutritional value and is not essential to our survival. In fact, alcohol is harmful to our health and is associated with long-term conditions that can even be life-threatening.
So, despite the misleading label of alcohol as a nutrient, specifically a macronutrient, alcohol and nutrition don’t go hand in hand. In fact, research shows that high alcohol intake is associated with poor eating habits and differences in body composition.
Understanding how to properly track alcohol intake is beneficial to our health. But sometimes when we buy alcohol, nutrition labels aren’t on it, and even if they are, they can be misleading. Let’s learn how to properly track our macros when drinking.
While alcohol is its own macronutrient, it can be counted as a carbohydrate, fat, or a combination of both depending on the type. This is because carbs provide around 4 calories per gram, and fat provides around 9. From an energy lens, alcohol has 7 calories per gram, which sits in between a gram of carbohydrate and fat. While protein also contains 4 calories per gram, nutritionally, alcohol is closer to carbohydrates or fats.
Determining the carbohydrates or fats in an alcoholic drink is simple when we know the calories. To track alcohol as a carbohydrate, divide the total calories by 4 (since there’s 4 cal/g of carbs). To track it as a fat, divide the calories by 9. To track alcohol as both a carb and fat, split the calories in half and divide one half by 4 and the other by 9.
When we don’t know the calories, that’s when it gets (just slightly) more complicated. Since alcohol is regulated by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) rather than the FDA (like other food and drinks), nutritional labeling isn’t required. Luckily, we can use the alcohol by volume — ABV — to calculate the macros. Let’s walk through the steps and look at an example:
There are 28.409 grams in 1 ounce. We can take 28.409 grams and multiply it by the number of ounces of alcohol in our drink to get the number of grams of alcohol. The recommended dietary allowance for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. We then multiply that by 7 calories in a gram (which is how much alcohol has). Multiply that by the alcohol by volume to get total calories, then split it in half and divide one half by 9 and the other by 4 like we mentioned earlier. Here’s the equation for reference:
To get a better idea of how it works, let’s use 1.5 oz of 40%-ABV vodka as an example:
It may not be practical to whip out an equation each time we drink, but there are plenty of online calculator tools to help us determine the macros in our drink. If you’re in a pinch or there’s no nutrition label, check out our cheat sheet for a guesstimate.
Now, why bother doing all this, you may ask? Well, there are benefits to tracking the macronutrients and calories we get from alcohol. Let’s take a look at what those are.
The fitness industry commonly uses the term “calories in, calories out.” When it comes to weight loss, tracking calories can be effective. But there’s more to the story. Tracking macros helps us reach other health goals and has additional benefits:
Understanding the benefits of tracking macros can influence our choices. Let’s dive into some drink options that may be more aligned with our goals.
At the end of the day, all alcohol is empty calories, but if we do decide to have a drink, we can be mindful of our nutrition by going for more macro-friendly options. Keep these tips in mind the next time you’re choosing a drink:
Now that we’re equipped with macro-friendly drink options, let’s explore some practical tips to further manage our alcohol intake and nutrition.
Our health consists of many aspects, and what we consume is among the most important. Managing our nutrition and alcohol intake using these tips helps us work towards a healthier lifestyle:
Managing our nutrition through tracking alcohol intake is the first step to a healthier lifestyle. We can continue to set ourselves up for success by developing positive skills such as mindfulness, coping mechanisms, and gratitude.
As we can see, understanding where alcohol fits into our nutrition goals isn’t just for fitness enthusiasts. It’s valuable for any one of us looking to make more informed choices. Whether we’re looking to quit or cut back on alcohol or simply aiming to have a more balanced diet, knowing how to track alcohol as part of our macros is a game-changer. So, the next time we’re enjoying a drink, we’ll know exactly how it fits into our plan, making our journey to a healthier, happier lifestyle more manageable. Cheers to more informed choices!
You’re watching an episode of your favorite TV show, Friends, where the gang is gathered at Central Perk. Monica is introducing her latest health-conscious recipe while Joey is just trying to figure out if beer counts as a carb. It’s a humorous moment, but it gets you thinking — how does alcohol fit into your diet?
Alcohol is considered a macronutrient, but it doesn’t fall into the category of carbohydrate, protein, or fat. So, how do we track when we’re counting our “macros” to reach our nutrition goals? Let’s dive into the science behind alcohol and its place in nutrition. Whether you’re a fitness enthusiast or trying to understand more about the effects of alcohol on your health, we’ll help you make sense of it all.
Macronutrients, also commonly referred to as macros, are the building blocks of our nutrition. They are the primary source of energy that we get from food, which includes three main categories: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The other main component of our nutrition is micronutrients. Micronutrients are smaller nutritional categories that include vitamins and minerals. Think of the zinc, magnesium, and potassium in a steak rather than the protein, which is the macronutrient. Micronutrients are no less important, but just needed in smaller amounts.
The three main macronutrients are essential to our nutrition, as they have different functions. A balanced diet consists of all three:
A general breakdown of macronutrients in a balanced diet consists of around 20%-35% of calories from fat, 10-35% from protein, and 45%-65% from carbohydrates. Keep in mind, individual dietary requirements may differ, but this is just a general guideline. We can also adjust our macronutrients based on our goals. For example, if we want to build more muscle, we can increase our protein intake. If our goal is weight loss, we can focus on lowering our carbohydrate intake. Keeping track of our macros helps us reach various health goals. But where does alcohol fit in?
Alcohol is considered the fourth macronutrient since it’s not a protein, carbohydrate, or fat, but still contains calories that the body burns off. But just because macronutrients are the building blocks of our nutrition, doesn’t mean alcohol should be part of our diet. Unlike the other macronutrients, alcohol has no nutritional value and is not essential to our survival. In fact, alcohol is harmful to our health and is associated with long-term conditions that can even be life-threatening.
So, despite the misleading label of alcohol as a nutrient, specifically a macronutrient, alcohol and nutrition don’t go hand in hand. In fact, research shows that high alcohol intake is associated with poor eating habits and differences in body composition.
Understanding how to properly track alcohol intake is beneficial to our health. But sometimes when we buy alcohol, nutrition labels aren’t on it, and even if they are, they can be misleading. Let’s learn how to properly track our macros when drinking.
While alcohol is its own macronutrient, it can be counted as a carbohydrate, fat, or a combination of both depending on the type. This is because carbs provide around 4 calories per gram, and fat provides around 9. From an energy lens, alcohol has 7 calories per gram, which sits in between a gram of carbohydrate and fat. While protein also contains 4 calories per gram, nutritionally, alcohol is closer to carbohydrates or fats.
Determining the carbohydrates or fats in an alcoholic drink is simple when we know the calories. To track alcohol as a carbohydrate, divide the total calories by 4 (since there’s 4 cal/g of carbs). To track it as a fat, divide the calories by 9. To track alcohol as both a carb and fat, split the calories in half and divide one half by 4 and the other by 9.
When we don’t know the calories, that’s when it gets (just slightly) more complicated. Since alcohol is regulated by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) rather than the FDA (like other food and drinks), nutritional labeling isn’t required. Luckily, we can use the alcohol by volume — ABV — to calculate the macros. Let’s walk through the steps and look at an example:
There are 28.409 grams in 1 ounce. We can take 28.409 grams and multiply it by the number of ounces of alcohol in our drink to get the number of grams of alcohol. The recommended dietary allowance for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. We then multiply that by 7 calories in a gram (which is how much alcohol has). Multiply that by the alcohol by volume to get total calories, then split it in half and divide one half by 9 and the other by 4 like we mentioned earlier. Here’s the equation for reference:
To get a better idea of how it works, let’s use 1.5 oz of 40%-ABV vodka as an example:
It may not be practical to whip out an equation each time we drink, but there are plenty of online calculator tools to help us determine the macros in our drink. If you’re in a pinch or there’s no nutrition label, check out our cheat sheet for a guesstimate.
Now, why bother doing all this, you may ask? Well, there are benefits to tracking the macronutrients and calories we get from alcohol. Let’s take a look at what those are.
The fitness industry commonly uses the term “calories in, calories out.” When it comes to weight loss, tracking calories can be effective. But there’s more to the story. Tracking macros helps us reach other health goals and has additional benefits:
Understanding the benefits of tracking macros can influence our choices. Let’s dive into some drink options that may be more aligned with our goals.
At the end of the day, all alcohol is empty calories, but if we do decide to have a drink, we can be mindful of our nutrition by going for more macro-friendly options. Keep these tips in mind the next time you’re choosing a drink:
Now that we’re equipped with macro-friendly drink options, let’s explore some practical tips to further manage our alcohol intake and nutrition.
Our health consists of many aspects, and what we consume is among the most important. Managing our nutrition and alcohol intake using these tips helps us work towards a healthier lifestyle:
Managing our nutrition through tracking alcohol intake is the first step to a healthier lifestyle. We can continue to set ourselves up for success by developing positive skills such as mindfulness, coping mechanisms, and gratitude.
As we can see, understanding where alcohol fits into our nutrition goals isn’t just for fitness enthusiasts. It’s valuable for any one of us looking to make more informed choices. Whether we’re looking to quit or cut back on alcohol or simply aiming to have a more balanced diet, knowing how to track alcohol as part of our macros is a game-changer. So, the next time we’re enjoying a drink, we’ll know exactly how it fits into our plan, making our journey to a healthier, happier lifestyle more manageable. Cheers to more informed choices!
Zieve’s syndrome is a rare condition, but can undoubtedly affect those who drink heavily. Check out our latest blog for more info on how this triple threat is linked to alcohol.
Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!
The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.
You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.
Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol.
And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).
The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!
You wake up groggy one morning after yet another big night out. But today, it’s not just the usual headache and nausea that accompanies a night of heavy drinking. As you drag yourself to the bathroom to freshen up, you feel a pang in your stomach. When you catch your reflection in the mirror, you do a double take. Your skin and the whites of your eyes have taken on a yellowish hue as if there’s a filter on the image staring back at you. Confused and alarmed, you wonder, “What’s happening to me?”
Excessive drinking for an extended period of time doesn’t come without consequence. Meet Zieve’s syndrome, an often overlooked condition that occurs in those of us with a history of heavy drinking. Unlike typical liver disease, Zieve’s syndrome combines multiple complications, making it a unique and challenging condition to understand and manage. Let’s further explore what Zieve’s syndrome is to learn what we can do to prevent or address it.
Zieve’s syndrome is a complication of alcohol-related liver injury that stems from excessive drinking. It was first described by Dr. Leslie Zieve in 1957 when he noticed that many patients with alcohol-related liver injury shared three common issues. The three signs of Zieve’s syndrome are yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia), and high levels of lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood (hyperlipidemia). This trio causes a range of symptoms associated with Zieve’s syndrome.
Jaundice is one of the big three signs. We can identify jaundice in four ways:
Anemia is a condition that occurs when our blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells or proteins (hemoglobin), which carry oxygen to the rest of the body. If our body doesn’t get enough oxygen, we may experience a range of symptoms:
Hyperlipidemia (or high levels of fat particles in the blood) isn’t associated with any specific symptoms. But when this condition combines with jaundice and anemia, the result may be:
Now that we understand what to look out for, let’s get to know why Zieve’s syndrome occurs.
Zieve’s syndrome occurs due to liver injury from excessive drinking. Since our liver is the main organ that breaks down alcohol, it’s consistently exposed to toxins that destroy its cells. Over time, damage to our liver cells leads to inflammation, scarring, and liver dysfunction. While our liver is in charge of breaking down toxins, it also plays a key role in regulating the lipids in our blood. When our liver isn’t functioning properly, fat builds up, leading to hyperlipidemia. Our liver also struggles to remove bilirubin, a yellowing pigment that is a waste product of our blood, leading to jaundice.
Jaundice can also be caused by hemolytic anemia, another component of Zieve’s syndrome. Hemolytic anemia is a disorder where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced. While we know hemolytic anemia in Zieve’s syndrome can contribute to jaundice, the cause of hemolytic anemia isn’t completely understood.
Researchers believe that Zieve’s syndrome can be a combination of several different factors. First, elevated levels of lipids in our body can disrupt the red blood cell membrane and cause it to break down (hemolysis). Additionally, vitamin E, which plays a vital role in red blood cell metabolism, can be depleted by alcohol, contributing to hemolysis. Lastly, acetaldehyde, the toxic compound in alcohol, impairs red blood cell enzymes, which can make red blood cells more susceptible to injury. While it seems like Zieve’s syndrome can be caused by many different elements, the underlying factor is alcohol-related liver injury. In short, damage to our liver from excessive drinking can lead to Zieve’s syndrome. To fully grasp who is most vulnerable, let’s delve into the specific risk factors that increase the likelihood of its onset.
As we’ve learned, Zieve’s syndrome occurs due to alcohol-related liver damage, and the risk factor for alcohol-related liver damage is excessive drinking. According to the CDC, excessive drinking is outlined by the following criteria:
One standard drink refers to 14 grams of pure alcohol. This looks different depending on the type of alcoholic beverage. For example,14 grams of pure alcohol is found in roughly 12 oz of 5% beer or 1.5 oz of distilled spirits. When evaluating our drinking habits, it’s important to ensure we’re using standard drink measurements, as one drink we order at the bar can easily be two or three standard drinks.
To understand the direct link between excessive drinking and liver damage, let’s take a look at some sobering facts. Research on alcoholic liver disease published by the National Library of Medicine outlines the following findings:
Zieve’s syndrome, which is caused by alcohol-related liver damage, shares the same risk factors and helps us understand why it develops. While excessive drinking is the primary risk factor for Zieve’s syndrome, treating it isn’t as simple as not drinking excessively.
A core component of treating Zieve’s syndrome is avoiding alcohol. Research shows that patients with Zieve’s syndrome can recover 4 to 6 weeks after abstinence from alcohol. Continuing to drink, even below the criteria for excessive drinking, can lead to severe liver damage and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is permanent liver scarring that leads to liver failure. Oftentimes, the only treatment for chronic liver failure is a liver transplant.
Aside from lifestyle changes, the other main treatments for Zieve’s syndrome are blood transfusions. Normal blood transfusions can increase our red blood cell count, combating jaundice and anemia. Plasmapheresis helps treat hyperlipidemia by removing the triglycerides (fatty acids) from the plasma in our blood. Together, these treatments address each component of Zieve’s syndrome and help us improve our liver health. By prioritizing liver health, we can more effectively prevent Zieve’s syndrome. Let’s talk strategy.
Although Zieve’s syndrome manifests through a triad of conditions (and even more symptoms), preventing it is much less complicated. It’s centered around mindful drinking, which we can practice in the following ways:
Improving and maintaining the health of our liver is a crucial aspect of preventing and treating Zieve’s syndrome. Let’s dive into more detail on ways we can boost the well-being of our liver.
To level up our health, it’s crucial to not only prevent conditions like Zieve’s syndrome, but also to enhance our liver function. The liver is in charge of many major functions in our body including detoxification, supporting metabolism, and more. We can prioritize our liver health by implementing these strategies:
Taking care of our liver health ultimately improves our overall health and well-being.
Zieve’s syndrome is a complication of alcohol-related liver damage that leads to a treacherous trio of jaundice, anemia, and hyperlipidemia. Now that we understand how it works and what causes it, we can better treat and prevent it by prioritizing our liver health! Quit or cut back on alcohol, load up liver-friendly foods, and steer clear of toxins to give your liver a reprieve and avoid Zieve’s!
You wake up groggy one morning after yet another big night out. But today, it’s not just the usual headache and nausea that accompanies a night of heavy drinking. As you drag yourself to the bathroom to freshen up, you feel a pang in your stomach. When you catch your reflection in the mirror, you do a double take. Your skin and the whites of your eyes have taken on a yellowish hue as if there’s a filter on the image staring back at you. Confused and alarmed, you wonder, “What’s happening to me?”
Excessive drinking for an extended period of time doesn’t come without consequence. Meet Zieve’s syndrome, an often overlooked condition that occurs in those of us with a history of heavy drinking. Unlike typical liver disease, Zieve’s syndrome combines multiple complications, making it a unique and challenging condition to understand and manage. Let’s further explore what Zieve’s syndrome is to learn what we can do to prevent or address it.
Zieve’s syndrome is a complication of alcohol-related liver injury that stems from excessive drinking. It was first described by Dr. Leslie Zieve in 1957 when he noticed that many patients with alcohol-related liver injury shared three common issues. The three signs of Zieve’s syndrome are yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia), and high levels of lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood (hyperlipidemia). This trio causes a range of symptoms associated with Zieve’s syndrome.
Jaundice is one of the big three signs. We can identify jaundice in four ways:
Anemia is a condition that occurs when our blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells or proteins (hemoglobin), which carry oxygen to the rest of the body. If our body doesn’t get enough oxygen, we may experience a range of symptoms:
Hyperlipidemia (or high levels of fat particles in the blood) isn’t associated with any specific symptoms. But when this condition combines with jaundice and anemia, the result may be:
Now that we understand what to look out for, let’s get to know why Zieve’s syndrome occurs.
Zieve’s syndrome occurs due to liver injury from excessive drinking. Since our liver is the main organ that breaks down alcohol, it’s consistently exposed to toxins that destroy its cells. Over time, damage to our liver cells leads to inflammation, scarring, and liver dysfunction. While our liver is in charge of breaking down toxins, it also plays a key role in regulating the lipids in our blood. When our liver isn’t functioning properly, fat builds up, leading to hyperlipidemia. Our liver also struggles to remove bilirubin, a yellowing pigment that is a waste product of our blood, leading to jaundice.
Jaundice can also be caused by hemolytic anemia, another component of Zieve’s syndrome. Hemolytic anemia is a disorder where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced. While we know hemolytic anemia in Zieve’s syndrome can contribute to jaundice, the cause of hemolytic anemia isn’t completely understood.
Researchers believe that Zieve’s syndrome can be a combination of several different factors. First, elevated levels of lipids in our body can disrupt the red blood cell membrane and cause it to break down (hemolysis). Additionally, vitamin E, which plays a vital role in red blood cell metabolism, can be depleted by alcohol, contributing to hemolysis. Lastly, acetaldehyde, the toxic compound in alcohol, impairs red blood cell enzymes, which can make red blood cells more susceptible to injury. While it seems like Zieve’s syndrome can be caused by many different elements, the underlying factor is alcohol-related liver injury. In short, damage to our liver from excessive drinking can lead to Zieve’s syndrome. To fully grasp who is most vulnerable, let’s delve into the specific risk factors that increase the likelihood of its onset.
As we’ve learned, Zieve’s syndrome occurs due to alcohol-related liver damage, and the risk factor for alcohol-related liver damage is excessive drinking. According to the CDC, excessive drinking is outlined by the following criteria:
One standard drink refers to 14 grams of pure alcohol. This looks different depending on the type of alcoholic beverage. For example,14 grams of pure alcohol is found in roughly 12 oz of 5% beer or 1.5 oz of distilled spirits. When evaluating our drinking habits, it’s important to ensure we’re using standard drink measurements, as one drink we order at the bar can easily be two or three standard drinks.
To understand the direct link between excessive drinking and liver damage, let’s take a look at some sobering facts. Research on alcoholic liver disease published by the National Library of Medicine outlines the following findings:
Zieve’s syndrome, which is caused by alcohol-related liver damage, shares the same risk factors and helps us understand why it develops. While excessive drinking is the primary risk factor for Zieve’s syndrome, treating it isn’t as simple as not drinking excessively.
A core component of treating Zieve’s syndrome is avoiding alcohol. Research shows that patients with Zieve’s syndrome can recover 4 to 6 weeks after abstinence from alcohol. Continuing to drink, even below the criteria for excessive drinking, can lead to severe liver damage and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is permanent liver scarring that leads to liver failure. Oftentimes, the only treatment for chronic liver failure is a liver transplant.
Aside from lifestyle changes, the other main treatments for Zieve’s syndrome are blood transfusions. Normal blood transfusions can increase our red blood cell count, combating jaundice and anemia. Plasmapheresis helps treat hyperlipidemia by removing the triglycerides (fatty acids) from the plasma in our blood. Together, these treatments address each component of Zieve’s syndrome and help us improve our liver health. By prioritizing liver health, we can more effectively prevent Zieve’s syndrome. Let’s talk strategy.
Although Zieve’s syndrome manifests through a triad of conditions (and even more symptoms), preventing it is much less complicated. It’s centered around mindful drinking, which we can practice in the following ways:
Improving and maintaining the health of our liver is a crucial aspect of preventing and treating Zieve’s syndrome. Let’s dive into more detail on ways we can boost the well-being of our liver.
To level up our health, it’s crucial to not only prevent conditions like Zieve’s syndrome, but also to enhance our liver function. The liver is in charge of many major functions in our body including detoxification, supporting metabolism, and more. We can prioritize our liver health by implementing these strategies:
Taking care of our liver health ultimately improves our overall health and well-being.
Zieve’s syndrome is a complication of alcohol-related liver damage that leads to a treacherous trio of jaundice, anemia, and hyperlipidemia. Now that we understand how it works and what causes it, we can better treat and prevent it by prioritizing our liver health! Quit or cut back on alcohol, load up liver-friendly foods, and steer clear of toxins to give your liver a reprieve and avoid Zieve’s!
From loose stools to more frequent trips to the restroom, day-after-drinking poops can be unpleasant. Check out our latest blog for more info on how alcohol affects our bowel movements.
Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!
The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.
You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.
Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol.
And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).
The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!
You’re enjoying a night out with friends, cocktail in hand when suddenly the joy of the evening takes a sharp turn. You find yourself sprinting to the bathroom. Sound familiar? Alcohol can make us feel good in the moment, but it often leaves our digestive system in a state of turmoil.
Let’s follow alcohol’s journey through our digestive system from the second it touches our lips through the egress of our intestines, which sometimes ends in an expedited or delayed release. Whether we’re looking to avoid the dreaded “alcohol poops” or aiming to improve our gut health, understanding how alcohol affects our digestive system can help keep our bathroom sprints at bay. Let’s dive into a less talked about side of alcohol — its effects on our bowel movements.
Alcohol, unlike the food and drinks we consume, is absorbed in the bloodstream, causing intoxication when our blood alcohol concentration rises. Although it’s absorbed into our bloodstream, each part of the digestive process is still involved in absorbing, processing, and breaking down alcohol (metabolization). Let’s follow the path of the digestive process to see how alcohol affects each stage.
Although we associate our stomach and intestines with digestion, the process begins as soon as food or drink enters our mouth. When we drink alcohol, small amounts are absorbed through the lining of our mouth and throat.
As the rest travels through the rest of the digestive tract, the alcohol that is absorbed into the blood begins to break down into a toxic compound known as acetaldehyde.
Since alcohol is absorbed into our bloodstream, acetaldehyde not only damages our cells within our digestive system but also other parts of our body — explaining the many health conditions associated with drinking. But this is just the first step — let’s keep going!
The esophagus is like a muscular tube that connects our throat to our stomach. It contracts to help food move to the stomach. As the toxins in alcohol flow down our esophagus, it can irritate and damage the lining — impacting proper digestion.
It also relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter (a valve that separates the stomach from the esophagus) which makes it easier for stomach acid to flow back up, causing acid reflux and impaired movement of food and liquid to our stomach.
Once alcohol reaches our stomach, about 20% is absorbed through our stomach lining. This means that any food we have in our stomach can slow down alcohol absorption. That’s why we commonly hear the recommendation to avoid drinking on an empty stomach.
Like in other parts of the digestive tract, the toxins in alcohol irritate cells in our stomach lining, causing inflammation. Alcohol also increases stomach acid production, further increasing gut irritation and inflammation.
Our gut microbiome is full of healthy bacteria, which aids digestion and prevents overgrowth of harmful bacteria. However, alcohol destroys harmful bacteria, affecting not only digestion, but opening the door to certain bowel diseases such as IBD (inflammatory bowel disease).
The majority of alcohol absorption happens in our small intestine due to the large surface area (roughly the size of a tennis court!). When our intestines are occupied with absorbing alcohol, focus is shifted away from their normal functions which include breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, extracting water, and moving the waste along to be eliminated.
Alcohol’s effects on our intestines impact intestinal motility (movement) and nutrient absorption, which is apparent in our post-drinking poops.
Our liver is tasked with breaking down a majority of the toxins in alcohol. It helps break down acetaldehyde into a less active compound, acetate, then water and carbon dioxide to be eliminated.
However, we can only metabolize alcohol at a certain rate (roughly 1 standard drink per hour). When we drink more or faster than our liver can metabolize it, acetaldehyde builds up in our bloodstream, giving it more time to cause damage to our cells and organs.
Now that we understand how alcohol is metabolized and impacts each step of the digestive process, let’s zoom in on its effects on our bowel movements.
Since alcohol affects every step of our digestive process, it can affect our “number two” in different ways. Here are some common experiences:
Alcohol can lead to watery stools for several reasons. As we’ve discussed, alcohol impacts the function of our intestines. As it agitates our intestines, the muscles in our colon contract more frequently, pushing out our waste faster than normal. Since the process is sped up, our intestines don’t have time to digest properly, leading to diarrhea.
Additionally, our large intestine typically expels water from our stool, which gives us solid poops that are easy to eliminate. When the function of our large intestine is impaired, water doesn’t get pulled out and again leaves us with watery stools. But alcohol can also have the opposite effect!
While some of us may find ourselves running to the toilet after drinking, others may find themselves sitting for longer than usual, due to constipation.
Alcohol suppresses the secretion of vasopressin, which is the hormone that regulates water retention. This causes us to urinate more frequently, leading to dehydration. When we’re dehydrated, our intestines try to preserve water by absorbing fluids within our intestines. This leads to dry and hard stools that are difficult to pass.
Remember when we disclosed that alcohol can speed up motility in our intestines? Well, drinks with a higher alcohol content can actually slow down motility, leading to constipation.
As if that’s not enough, alcohol doesn’t just affect our poops, but also how often we go. Diarrhea and constipation can lead to excessive trips to the toilet.
Expedited digestion not only leads to watery stool, but can cause us to go more frequently. On the other hand, constipation can make it difficult for us to pass stool, causing several trips to the toilet in order for us to get it out.
Alcohol not only affects our stool right after drinking and the day after, while our body works to eliminate alcohol, but it can also cause damage to our digestive tract. It damages cells within our GI system and disrupts our gut microbiome.
When there’s an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in our gut, we may experience negative effects such as constipation, bloating, and discomfort. Since our stomach lining is damaged, it’s also more permeable, allowing harmful bacteria to travel to different parts of our body in what’s known as leaky gut syndrome.
Constant exposure to toxins can also lead to chronic digestive disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
As we can see, “alcohol poops” vary widely. So what leads to these different experiences?
To better avoid gut-wrenching bowel movements after drinking, let’s first dive into the factors that can influence it. It may go without saying that the amount of alcohol we drink matters. More alcohol means greater disruptions to our digestive system. But actually, the type of alcohol also plays a role. Research shows that alcoholic beverages with lower alcohol content more commonly cause watery stools whereas higher alcohol drinks more frequently cause constipation.
Individual differences impact the way we respond to alcohol. Genetic factors such as activity of the enzymes that break down alcohol (ADH and ALDH) can affect absorption and therefore breakdown and digestion. Other factors such as gut microbiome composition and pre-existing digestive conditions can put us at greater risk of bowel disruptions and developing bowel diseases.
Last but not least, food and water can also play a role. Having food in our stomach prior to drinking can slow down absorption and moderate alcohol’s effects. While eating before drinking alcohol is generally a good idea, specific foods such as spicy foods, caffeine, and refined sugars can exacerbate GI discomfort. Along with the food we eat, staying hydrated helps combat the dehydrating effects of alcohol and its effects on our bowel movements.
“Alcohol poops” are unpleasant, to say the least. Now that we’ve dissected how alcohol impacts our digestive system and affects our number two, we can more effectively prevent and manage post-drinking bowel battles. Here are some effective strategies:
“Alcohol poops” are just one way that alcohol’s detrimental effects on our health are visible. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol will be beneficial not only for our bowel health but also for our overall well-being. And don’t forget, Reframe is here to support you along the way!
Some of us may have been aware that alcohol makes us pee more often, but alcohol can also affect our bowel movements, and not in a good way. It can cause effects on opposite sides of the spectrum from diarrhea to constipation. This is because of the toxic effects of alcohol on our digestive system. Not only can drinking cause short-term changes to our stool, but it can also lead to bowel diseases in the long term. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol helps us avoid throwing our bowel movements out of whack!
You’re enjoying a night out with friends, cocktail in hand when suddenly the joy of the evening takes a sharp turn. You find yourself sprinting to the bathroom. Sound familiar? Alcohol can make us feel good in the moment, but it often leaves our digestive system in a state of turmoil.
Let’s follow alcohol’s journey through our digestive system from the second it touches our lips through the egress of our intestines, which sometimes ends in an expedited or delayed release. Whether we’re looking to avoid the dreaded “alcohol poops” or aiming to improve our gut health, understanding how alcohol affects our digestive system can help keep our bathroom sprints at bay. Let’s dive into a less talked about side of alcohol — its effects on our bowel movements.
Alcohol, unlike the food and drinks we consume, is absorbed in the bloodstream, causing intoxication when our blood alcohol concentration rises. Although it’s absorbed into our bloodstream, each part of the digestive process is still involved in absorbing, processing, and breaking down alcohol (metabolization). Let’s follow the path of the digestive process to see how alcohol affects each stage.
Although we associate our stomach and intestines with digestion, the process begins as soon as food or drink enters our mouth. When we drink alcohol, small amounts are absorbed through the lining of our mouth and throat.
As the rest travels through the rest of the digestive tract, the alcohol that is absorbed into the blood begins to break down into a toxic compound known as acetaldehyde.
Since alcohol is absorbed into our bloodstream, acetaldehyde not only damages our cells within our digestive system but also other parts of our body — explaining the many health conditions associated with drinking. But this is just the first step — let’s keep going!
The esophagus is like a muscular tube that connects our throat to our stomach. It contracts to help food move to the stomach. As the toxins in alcohol flow down our esophagus, it can irritate and damage the lining — impacting proper digestion.
It also relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter (a valve that separates the stomach from the esophagus) which makes it easier for stomach acid to flow back up, causing acid reflux and impaired movement of food and liquid to our stomach.
Once alcohol reaches our stomach, about 20% is absorbed through our stomach lining. This means that any food we have in our stomach can slow down alcohol absorption. That’s why we commonly hear the recommendation to avoid drinking on an empty stomach.
Like in other parts of the digestive tract, the toxins in alcohol irritate cells in our stomach lining, causing inflammation. Alcohol also increases stomach acid production, further increasing gut irritation and inflammation.
Our gut microbiome is full of healthy bacteria, which aids digestion and prevents overgrowth of harmful bacteria. However, alcohol destroys harmful bacteria, affecting not only digestion, but opening the door to certain bowel diseases such as IBD (inflammatory bowel disease).
The majority of alcohol absorption happens in our small intestine due to the large surface area (roughly the size of a tennis court!). When our intestines are occupied with absorbing alcohol, focus is shifted away from their normal functions which include breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, extracting water, and moving the waste along to be eliminated.
Alcohol’s effects on our intestines impact intestinal motility (movement) and nutrient absorption, which is apparent in our post-drinking poops.
Our liver is tasked with breaking down a majority of the toxins in alcohol. It helps break down acetaldehyde into a less active compound, acetate, then water and carbon dioxide to be eliminated.
However, we can only metabolize alcohol at a certain rate (roughly 1 standard drink per hour). When we drink more or faster than our liver can metabolize it, acetaldehyde builds up in our bloodstream, giving it more time to cause damage to our cells and organs.
Now that we understand how alcohol is metabolized and impacts each step of the digestive process, let’s zoom in on its effects on our bowel movements.
Since alcohol affects every step of our digestive process, it can affect our “number two” in different ways. Here are some common experiences:
Alcohol can lead to watery stools for several reasons. As we’ve discussed, alcohol impacts the function of our intestines. As it agitates our intestines, the muscles in our colon contract more frequently, pushing out our waste faster than normal. Since the process is sped up, our intestines don’t have time to digest properly, leading to diarrhea.
Additionally, our large intestine typically expels water from our stool, which gives us solid poops that are easy to eliminate. When the function of our large intestine is impaired, water doesn’t get pulled out and again leaves us with watery stools. But alcohol can also have the opposite effect!
While some of us may find ourselves running to the toilet after drinking, others may find themselves sitting for longer than usual, due to constipation.
Alcohol suppresses the secretion of vasopressin, which is the hormone that regulates water retention. This causes us to urinate more frequently, leading to dehydration. When we’re dehydrated, our intestines try to preserve water by absorbing fluids within our intestines. This leads to dry and hard stools that are difficult to pass.
Remember when we disclosed that alcohol can speed up motility in our intestines? Well, drinks with a higher alcohol content can actually slow down motility, leading to constipation.
As if that’s not enough, alcohol doesn’t just affect our poops, but also how often we go. Diarrhea and constipation can lead to excessive trips to the toilet.
Expedited digestion not only leads to watery stool, but can cause us to go more frequently. On the other hand, constipation can make it difficult for us to pass stool, causing several trips to the toilet in order for us to get it out.
Alcohol not only affects our stool right after drinking and the day after, while our body works to eliminate alcohol, but it can also cause damage to our digestive tract. It damages cells within our GI system and disrupts our gut microbiome.
When there’s an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in our gut, we may experience negative effects such as constipation, bloating, and discomfort. Since our stomach lining is damaged, it’s also more permeable, allowing harmful bacteria to travel to different parts of our body in what’s known as leaky gut syndrome.
Constant exposure to toxins can also lead to chronic digestive disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
As we can see, “alcohol poops” vary widely. So what leads to these different experiences?
To better avoid gut-wrenching bowel movements after drinking, let’s first dive into the factors that can influence it. It may go without saying that the amount of alcohol we drink matters. More alcohol means greater disruptions to our digestive system. But actually, the type of alcohol also plays a role. Research shows that alcoholic beverages with lower alcohol content more commonly cause watery stools whereas higher alcohol drinks more frequently cause constipation.
Individual differences impact the way we respond to alcohol. Genetic factors such as activity of the enzymes that break down alcohol (ADH and ALDH) can affect absorption and therefore breakdown and digestion. Other factors such as gut microbiome composition and pre-existing digestive conditions can put us at greater risk of bowel disruptions and developing bowel diseases.
Last but not least, food and water can also play a role. Having food in our stomach prior to drinking can slow down absorption and moderate alcohol’s effects. While eating before drinking alcohol is generally a good idea, specific foods such as spicy foods, caffeine, and refined sugars can exacerbate GI discomfort. Along with the food we eat, staying hydrated helps combat the dehydrating effects of alcohol and its effects on our bowel movements.
“Alcohol poops” are unpleasant, to say the least. Now that we’ve dissected how alcohol impacts our digestive system and affects our number two, we can more effectively prevent and manage post-drinking bowel battles. Here are some effective strategies:
“Alcohol poops” are just one way that alcohol’s detrimental effects on our health are visible. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol will be beneficial not only for our bowel health but also for our overall well-being. And don’t forget, Reframe is here to support you along the way!
Some of us may have been aware that alcohol makes us pee more often, but alcohol can also affect our bowel movements, and not in a good way. It can cause effects on opposite sides of the spectrum from diarrhea to constipation. This is because of the toxic effects of alcohol on our digestive system. Not only can drinking cause short-term changes to our stool, but it can also lead to bowel diseases in the long term. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol helps us avoid throwing our bowel movements out of whack!
Our Maddrey score is a helpful tool that determines the severity of alcohol-related liver disease. Check out our latest blog for more info on how it’s calculated and why it matters.
Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!
The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.
You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.
Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol.
And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).
The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!
Imagine you’re sitting in the doctor’s office after deciding to take charge of your liver health. You’re determined, hopeful, and ready for the changes ahead, but then your doctor mentions something about the “Maddrey score.” Suddenly, you find yourself confused, a little anxious, and unsure what this number means for your future and your path to better health.
While the Maddrey score can seem intimidating, it actually provides valuable insight into our liver health. It’s a helpful guide in determining the appropriate treatment and lifestyle changes we should make to improve our liver health. Let’s unpack what the Maddrey score is and how to calculate it to help start our journey to healing our liver.
The Maddrey score or Maddrey discriminant function is a tool used to determine the severity of alcoholic hepatitis (a form of alcohol-related liver disease). It uses scores from different blood tests, which gives us insight into the functioning of our liver. Think of it as a report card for our liver health.
Our doctor uses the Maddrey score to get a better idea of the outlook of our condition and help develop an appropriate treatment plan. This insight is particularly important to help us navigate the complexities of alcoholic hepatitis and work towards achieving a better prognosis. (To learn whether your current drinking habits are causing liver damage and warrant Maddrey score evaluation, check out “How Much Alcohol Causes Liver Damage?”)
Now that we’re familiar with the Maddrey score’s role in assessing our liver health, let’s dive deeper into the specifics of alcoholic hepatitis and how it impacts our liver.
Alcoholic hepatitis is acute liver inflammation due to excessive alcohol consumption. Since our liver is in charge of breaking down the toxins in alcohol, too much alcohol overloads the liver and damages the tissues.
Over time, inflammation can lead to liver scarring and cirrhosis (permanent scarring that impairs liver function). Alcoholic hepatitis can range from mild to severe and symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, changes in appetite, pain or swelling in the abdomen, and jaundice. The condition is associated with a high mortality rate, and treatment usually depends on the severity of the condition. This is where the Maddrey score comes in handy.
The MDF score is made up of two main components. The first is how long it takes for our blood to clot (prothrombin time). Prothrombin is a protein made by the liver that helps our blood clot. A high prothrombin time means it takes longer for our blood to clot, which happens when our liver isn’t producing an adequate amount of blood-clotting proteins.
The second part of the MDF score is our serum bilirubin level. Bilirubin is a substance our body produces to break down old red blood cells. A healthy liver is able to get rid of bilirubin, but for those with liver problems, bilirubin can build up to abnormal levels, leading to symptoms such as dark-colored urine and yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice).
We can calculate our Maddrey score using the discrimination function:
Bilirubin (mg/dL) + 4.6 x (prothrombin time - control time)
Or, there are also online Maddrey score calculators that do the work for us (assuming we have all the data from a doctor after having our tests done — don’t try to test your own blood at home!). Now that we’ve figured out our Maddrey score, what does it mean?
If our Maddrey score is less than 32, we have mild to moderate hepatitis. While it’s named “mild to moderate,” alcoholic hepatitis is a serious condition even at a less severe level. A study found that moderate alcoholic hepatitis has a 6% mortality rate at 28 days and 13% at the one-year mark. While mild to moderate alcoholic hepatitis is miles more favorable than its severe form, it should be taken seriously.
If our Maddrey score is over 32, this means that we have severe alcoholic hepatitis. Severe alcohol hepatitis means that the damage to our liver can quickly lead to permanent liver damage and failure that can be life-threatening. Severe alcoholic hepatitis has a 6-month mortality rate of about 40% after the onset of the condition. However, aggressive management of the condition and younger age may improve our outlook.
So, although the Maddrey score is just a number, it helps us get a clearer picture of the severity of liver damage from alcohol and guides us toward the best treatment options to improve our liver health.
The type of treatment depends on individual factors, but more so on the severity of the condition. For mild to moderate alcoholic hepatitis, liver damage can often be reversed, and treatment includes more lifestyle changes.
The Maddrey score is especially helpful in determining whether extensive treatment is needed. Severe alcoholic hepatitis is frequently treated with medications that reduce inflammation and immune system activity (corticosteroids) or medications used to increase blood flow through the blood vessels (pentoxifylline). While corticosteroids can help treat severe liver damage, they can be unsafe for people in the following categories or with the following conditions:
Your doctor will utilize the Maddrey score as well as other individual factors to decide if corticosteroid therapy is the best plan of action. Along with pharmacological treatments, quitting alcohol is critical to ensuring severe alcoholic hepatitis doesn’t progress, and to increase our chances of survival. Doctors may also order other tests to better distinguish between different liver disorders and to get a clearer picture of our liver function and health.
While the Maddrey score is a great diagnostic and prognostic tool for alcoholic hepatitis, other liver function tests give us a clearer picture of our liver health and further guide our plan of treatment. The more we know, the more informed the choices we can make! Liver function panels usually include a range of tests:
After using the Maddrey score and other liver function tests, our doctor may recommend pharmacological treatments, nutritional support, and the cornerstone of alcoholic hepatitis treatment — lifestyle changes to improve our liver health and function.
As we’ve learned, alcoholic hepatitis is a serious condition that can be life-threatening. Taking these steps to maintain a healthy liver can reduce the risk of alcoholic hepatitis or reverse liver damage:
These strategies not only help us prevent alcoholic hepatitis by maintaining a healthy liver, but also help us take intentional steps to improve our liver health after our Maddrey score raises a red flag.
The Maddrey score is just a number, but this number is critical in helping us understand how much liver damage we have from alcohol. It not only helps our doctor determine the best treatment options for us but also gives us an idea of what our outlook may be. Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe form of alcohol-related liver disease that can be life-threatening. While alcoholic hepatitis can be treated to a certain extent, the most effective way to prevent and stop liver damage is to quit alcohol, a substance that is undoubtedly toxic to our liver.
Imagine you’re sitting in the doctor’s office after deciding to take charge of your liver health. You’re determined, hopeful, and ready for the changes ahead, but then your doctor mentions something about the “Maddrey score.” Suddenly, you find yourself confused, a little anxious, and unsure what this number means for your future and your path to better health.
While the Maddrey score can seem intimidating, it actually provides valuable insight into our liver health. It’s a helpful guide in determining the appropriate treatment and lifestyle changes we should make to improve our liver health. Let’s unpack what the Maddrey score is and how to calculate it to help start our journey to healing our liver.
The Maddrey score or Maddrey discriminant function is a tool used to determine the severity of alcoholic hepatitis (a form of alcohol-related liver disease). It uses scores from different blood tests, which gives us insight into the functioning of our liver. Think of it as a report card for our liver health.
Our doctor uses the Maddrey score to get a better idea of the outlook of our condition and help develop an appropriate treatment plan. This insight is particularly important to help us navigate the complexities of alcoholic hepatitis and work towards achieving a better prognosis. (To learn whether your current drinking habits are causing liver damage and warrant Maddrey score evaluation, check out “How Much Alcohol Causes Liver Damage?”)
Now that we’re familiar with the Maddrey score’s role in assessing our liver health, let’s dive deeper into the specifics of alcoholic hepatitis and how it impacts our liver.
Alcoholic hepatitis is acute liver inflammation due to excessive alcohol consumption. Since our liver is in charge of breaking down the toxins in alcohol, too much alcohol overloads the liver and damages the tissues.
Over time, inflammation can lead to liver scarring and cirrhosis (permanent scarring that impairs liver function). Alcoholic hepatitis can range from mild to severe and symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, changes in appetite, pain or swelling in the abdomen, and jaundice. The condition is associated with a high mortality rate, and treatment usually depends on the severity of the condition. This is where the Maddrey score comes in handy.
The MDF score is made up of two main components. The first is how long it takes for our blood to clot (prothrombin time). Prothrombin is a protein made by the liver that helps our blood clot. A high prothrombin time means it takes longer for our blood to clot, which happens when our liver isn’t producing an adequate amount of blood-clotting proteins.
The second part of the MDF score is our serum bilirubin level. Bilirubin is a substance our body produces to break down old red blood cells. A healthy liver is able to get rid of bilirubin, but for those with liver problems, bilirubin can build up to abnormal levels, leading to symptoms such as dark-colored urine and yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice).
We can calculate our Maddrey score using the discrimination function:
Bilirubin (mg/dL) + 4.6 x (prothrombin time - control time)
Or, there are also online Maddrey score calculators that do the work for us (assuming we have all the data from a doctor after having our tests done — don’t try to test your own blood at home!). Now that we’ve figured out our Maddrey score, what does it mean?
If our Maddrey score is less than 32, we have mild to moderate hepatitis. While it’s named “mild to moderate,” alcoholic hepatitis is a serious condition even at a less severe level. A study found that moderate alcoholic hepatitis has a 6% mortality rate at 28 days and 13% at the one-year mark. While mild to moderate alcoholic hepatitis is miles more favorable than its severe form, it should be taken seriously.
If our Maddrey score is over 32, this means that we have severe alcoholic hepatitis. Severe alcohol hepatitis means that the damage to our liver can quickly lead to permanent liver damage and failure that can be life-threatening. Severe alcoholic hepatitis has a 6-month mortality rate of about 40% after the onset of the condition. However, aggressive management of the condition and younger age may improve our outlook.
So, although the Maddrey score is just a number, it helps us get a clearer picture of the severity of liver damage from alcohol and guides us toward the best treatment options to improve our liver health.
The type of treatment depends on individual factors, but more so on the severity of the condition. For mild to moderate alcoholic hepatitis, liver damage can often be reversed, and treatment includes more lifestyle changes.
The Maddrey score is especially helpful in determining whether extensive treatment is needed. Severe alcoholic hepatitis is frequently treated with medications that reduce inflammation and immune system activity (corticosteroids) or medications used to increase blood flow through the blood vessels (pentoxifylline). While corticosteroids can help treat severe liver damage, they can be unsafe for people in the following categories or with the following conditions:
Your doctor will utilize the Maddrey score as well as other individual factors to decide if corticosteroid therapy is the best plan of action. Along with pharmacological treatments, quitting alcohol is critical to ensuring severe alcoholic hepatitis doesn’t progress, and to increase our chances of survival. Doctors may also order other tests to better distinguish between different liver disorders and to get a clearer picture of our liver function and health.
While the Maddrey score is a great diagnostic and prognostic tool for alcoholic hepatitis, other liver function tests give us a clearer picture of our liver health and further guide our plan of treatment. The more we know, the more informed the choices we can make! Liver function panels usually include a range of tests:
After using the Maddrey score and other liver function tests, our doctor may recommend pharmacological treatments, nutritional support, and the cornerstone of alcoholic hepatitis treatment — lifestyle changes to improve our liver health and function.
As we’ve learned, alcoholic hepatitis is a serious condition that can be life-threatening. Taking these steps to maintain a healthy liver can reduce the risk of alcoholic hepatitis or reverse liver damage:
These strategies not only help us prevent alcoholic hepatitis by maintaining a healthy liver, but also help us take intentional steps to improve our liver health after our Maddrey score raises a red flag.
The Maddrey score is just a number, but this number is critical in helping us understand how much liver damage we have from alcohol. It not only helps our doctor determine the best treatment options for us but also gives us an idea of what our outlook may be. Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe form of alcohol-related liver disease that can be life-threatening. While alcoholic hepatitis can be treated to a certain extent, the most effective way to prevent and stop liver damage is to quit alcohol, a substance that is undoubtedly toxic to our liver.
Alcohol negatively affects chronic pain in direct and indirect ways. Check out our latest blog for more info on the short and long-term effects of alcohol on pain.
Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!
The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.
You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.
Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol.
And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).
The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!
It’s been a long week, and you finally settle in on the couch with a glass of wine, hoping to unwind. The warmth spreads through you, taking the edge off that persistent ache in your back — the one that’s been nagging you for days. For a moment, you feel some relief as the pain fades. But when morning comes, the pain is back — stronger, more stubborn, and now with a headache to match.
For those living with chronic pain, this may be a familiar scenario. Alcohol might seem like a quick fix, but its role in the cycle of pain is far from simple. Let’s delve into how alcohol affects chronic pain, and what that means for those of us who are seeking real, lasting relief.
Perhaps you bumped your knee on the corner of the table and didn’t feel it until the day after drinking. Or, the ache in your lower back seems to disappear after a drink or two. Now you’re left wondering, “Does alcohol numb pain?” To a certain extent it does — but not without drawbacks.
Alcohol reduces the perception of pain. So, it’s not that we’re any less hurt or that alcohol makes the pain go away, it’s that the messaging within our brain and body get disrupted, and we don’t register the signal of pain as well. Because of this, alcohol can seem like a quick fix for pain. But there’s more to the story.
Using alcohol as a pain reliever can lead to many issues (which we’ll go into more detail on later). One of these issues is actually worse pain. What started out as an injury that just needed time to heal can become a lingering and chronic issue.
Chronic pain is pain that lasts longer than its normal healing time. It can be continuous pain, or it can come and go but persist for a prolonged period of time. Some causes of chronic pain include injuries, health conditions or diseases, and even psychological issues.
The main symptom of chronic pain is, of course, pain, but it can also cause a range of other symptoms such as fatigue, appetite loss, trouble sleeping, and mood changes.
As we can see, chronic pain can significantly impact our quality of life. When we add alcohol to the equation, things can get even worse.
Excessive and chronic drinking can actually cause chronic pain. Here’s why:
If we already experience chronic pain, these issues can add to it, compounding the effects. But that’s not all: alcohol can worsen chronic pain in more obscure ways.
Alcohol has negative impacts on different aspects of our lives, many of which contribute to pain. The combination of these factors can make chronic pain even worse:
As we can see, alcohol contributes to chronic pain in many ways. So, can we still drink?
Drinking alcohol with chronic pain isn’t recommended. Not only can it worsen chronic pain, but it also can create a cycle of dependence.
Let’s say we’re sick and tired of the constant pain, and we decide to have a drink to take the edge off. It might numb the pain temporarily, but at a cost. When we drink, our brain releases serotonin and dopamine (our brain’s “feel good” hormones), which help us relax in the moment and feel a sense of pleasure. Alcohol can also help us relax physiologically by slowing down our heartbeat and releasing tension in our muscles (again, temporarily). These things alone can take over our brain’s reward system and drive us to come back for more.
When we add pain relief to that, our desire to drink can increase, heightening our risk of dependence. In this way, the consequences of drinking with chronic pain become greater, and our goal — relieving our pain — becomes all the more remote.
Alcohol not only worsens chronic pain but also leads to many other health issues. So, if alcohol isn’t a viable solution for pain relief, what is?
There is no current cure for chronic pain,but making positive lifestyle changes can help manage it. Here are several strategies to consider:
A life with less pain is within reach when we make these positive lifestyle changes! On top of that, our overall health will improve so we can enjoy a better quality of life.
While alcohol might offer temporary pain relief, its long-term effects often exacerbate the problem, leading to a cycle of increased pain and reliance that’s difficult to break. Now that we understand the major role that alcohol can play in chronic pain, we can implement healthier, more sustainable ways to manage it. We can break free from this cycle and work towards a pain-free life by quitting or cutting back on alcohol.
It’s been a long week, and you finally settle in on the couch with a glass of wine, hoping to unwind. The warmth spreads through you, taking the edge off that persistent ache in your back — the one that’s been nagging you for days. For a moment, you feel some relief as the pain fades. But when morning comes, the pain is back — stronger, more stubborn, and now with a headache to match.
For those living with chronic pain, this may be a familiar scenario. Alcohol might seem like a quick fix, but its role in the cycle of pain is far from simple. Let’s delve into how alcohol affects chronic pain, and what that means for those of us who are seeking real, lasting relief.
Perhaps you bumped your knee on the corner of the table and didn’t feel it until the day after drinking. Or, the ache in your lower back seems to disappear after a drink or two. Now you’re left wondering, “Does alcohol numb pain?” To a certain extent it does — but not without drawbacks.
Alcohol reduces the perception of pain. So, it’s not that we’re any less hurt or that alcohol makes the pain go away, it’s that the messaging within our brain and body get disrupted, and we don’t register the signal of pain as well. Because of this, alcohol can seem like a quick fix for pain. But there’s more to the story.
Using alcohol as a pain reliever can lead to many issues (which we’ll go into more detail on later). One of these issues is actually worse pain. What started out as an injury that just needed time to heal can become a lingering and chronic issue.
Chronic pain is pain that lasts longer than its normal healing time. It can be continuous pain, or it can come and go but persist for a prolonged period of time. Some causes of chronic pain include injuries, health conditions or diseases, and even psychological issues.
The main symptom of chronic pain is, of course, pain, but it can also cause a range of other symptoms such as fatigue, appetite loss, trouble sleeping, and mood changes.
As we can see, chronic pain can significantly impact our quality of life. When we add alcohol to the equation, things can get even worse.
Excessive and chronic drinking can actually cause chronic pain. Here’s why:
If we already experience chronic pain, these issues can add to it, compounding the effects. But that’s not all: alcohol can worsen chronic pain in more obscure ways.
Alcohol has negative impacts on different aspects of our lives, many of which contribute to pain. The combination of these factors can make chronic pain even worse:
As we can see, alcohol contributes to chronic pain in many ways. So, can we still drink?
Drinking alcohol with chronic pain isn’t recommended. Not only can it worsen chronic pain, but it also can create a cycle of dependence.
Let’s say we’re sick and tired of the constant pain, and we decide to have a drink to take the edge off. It might numb the pain temporarily, but at a cost. When we drink, our brain releases serotonin and dopamine (our brain’s “feel good” hormones), which help us relax in the moment and feel a sense of pleasure. Alcohol can also help us relax physiologically by slowing down our heartbeat and releasing tension in our muscles (again, temporarily). These things alone can take over our brain’s reward system and drive us to come back for more.
When we add pain relief to that, our desire to drink can increase, heightening our risk of dependence. In this way, the consequences of drinking with chronic pain become greater, and our goal — relieving our pain — becomes all the more remote.
Alcohol not only worsens chronic pain but also leads to many other health issues. So, if alcohol isn’t a viable solution for pain relief, what is?
There is no current cure for chronic pain,but making positive lifestyle changes can help manage it. Here are several strategies to consider:
A life with less pain is within reach when we make these positive lifestyle changes! On top of that, our overall health will improve so we can enjoy a better quality of life.
While alcohol might offer temporary pain relief, its long-term effects often exacerbate the problem, leading to a cycle of increased pain and reliance that’s difficult to break. Now that we understand the major role that alcohol can play in chronic pain, we can implement healthier, more sustainable ways to manage it. We can break free from this cycle and work towards a pain-free life by quitting or cutting back on alcohol.
An occasional binge drinking session might not seem like a huge deal, but science says it can damage our health. Find out the details in our latest blog!
Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!
The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.
You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.
Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol.
And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).
The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!
What does chugging several pints of beer at a frat party, downing five margaritas at a resort, and finishing off a bottle of wine over the course of dinner have in common? They’re all examples of binge drinking. While the first one might seem to be the most obvious danger, all three pose risks — even if they occur occasionally.
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) defines binge drinking as consuming a large amount of alcohol in a short amount of time — usually large enough to raise our blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08% or more. It usually means drinking five or more drinks for men or four or more for women within about two hours.
And while no amount of alcohol does our health any good, binge drinking takes a particularly heavy toll. For a deep dive, check out “Binge Drinking: Definition, Effects, and How To Stop.” For now, here’s the gist:
All in all, binge drinking is asking for trouble. But, you might be thinking, what if it’s not a regular thing? Is doing it once in a while really that big of a deal?
What are the risks of an occasional drinking binge? Let’s take a closer look to find out!
When it comes to binge drinking (even on occasion), the liver bears the brunt of the burden. As the body’s main detox organ, it’s at the front lines of processing alcohol and getting it out of the body. The process involves two steps, one of which produces a toxic byproduct known as acetaldehyde. Eliminating these toxins is taxing for the liver, especially if it gets overloaded. Because it can only process one drink per hour, giving it more than it can handle spells trouble. Here’s what happens in more detail:
The most alarming part? Liver damage often doesn’t have obvious signs, so we might not know this vital organ is having trouble.
Alcohol wreaks havoc on our digestive system, and even occasional binge drinking takes a toll. Studies show that even one bout of binge drinking causes “leaky gut.” And our gut is the last place we want to have a leak: the condition causes toxins to seep out of the digestive tract into the bloodstream.
Another study found similar effects. When participants were given enough booze to raise their BAC to 0.08%, their blood work showed that the “binge for science” resulted in a rise in toxin levels. There were also signs of bacterial DNA, indicating that bacteria seeped out of the gut. Yikes!
As NIAAA director George Koob explains, “While the negative health effects of chronic drinking are well-documented, this is a key study to show that a single alcohol binge can cause damaging effects such as bacterial leakage from the gut into the bloodstream.”
Wake up with a scratchy throat the morning after a night that got a bit too rowdy? It might be more than just all that loud karaoke singing at the bar. Alcohol is known to make us more vulnerable to infections, and science says that even a single bout of binge drinking takes a toll on our immune system. Research shows that it sets us at higher risk of infections for up to 24 hours!
A night of heavy drinking might leave us deep in slumber at the end (hopefully in our own bed). But while the depressant effects cause the initial drowsiness, alcohol wreaks havoc on our sleep patterns, robbing us of the most restorative REM stages and leading to frequent awakenings during the second half of the night.
Another unpleasant surprise? Research shows that a single episode of binge drinking also disrupts our sleep — in a way that might have long term consequences. A team of scientists monitored the sleep patterns of mice that got “drunk for science” to test the effects of drinking. On the surface, the experience was one many of us can relate to: the mice crashed right into deep sleep (skipping the REM stage) and were in for a rude awakening in the second half of the sleep period. However, digging deeper revealed that the single binge drinking episode induced changes in the expression of a gene coding for adenosine, a sleep-promoting chemical. That’s right — a single night of revelry can actually rewrite our genes! The good news is that most damage from alcohol is reversible, as long as we quit drinking and take care of our health.
It might be known as “holiday heart syndrome,” but this unfortunate fallout of binge drinking looms large any day of the year when we choose to overindulge — and it’s nothing to celebrate. The term refers to a form of arrhythmia — a disruption in the electrical signaling of the heart that causes it to beat unevenly.
And even occasional binge drinking can bring it on! Research shows that the potentially dangerous arrhythmia can happen in people who don’t drink on a regular basis but go all out the few times that they do choose to partake.
The pancreas — an organ that plays an important role in digestion and blood sugar regulation — is another potential target for alcohol’s nefarious effects. However, it’s not just frequent alcohol use that puts us in danger!
Research shows that binge drinking can lead to acute pancreatitis — a sudden inflammation of the pancreas that can be triggered by a single night of overindulgence. The risk is especially high for women: scientists have determined that going over the threshold of 40 grams of alcohol in one day (or roughly 3 standard drinks) puts women in serious danger of pancreatitis.
We never think it’ll happen to us, but the stats are sobering: according to the NIAAA, alcohol-related emergency room visits have been on the rise, with an average increase of 210,000 cases per year. And while not all are related to binge drinking, consuming a lot of alcohol at once — even on occasion — puts us at greater risk of overdose and various injuries.
Many of these injuries occur when we get drunk quickly, not realizing how impaired we’ve become. In addition to alcohol overdose (or alcohol poisoning), we’re putting ourselves at serious risk of accidents and injuries. Many occur on the road. Here’s how the NHTSA puts it:
“Every day, about 37 people in the United States die in drunk-driving crashes — that's one person every 39 minutes. In 2022, 13,524 people died in alcohol-impaired driving traffic deaths. These deaths were all preventable.”
In addition to losing our coordination and judgment, we might not even remember what happened. As a result, getting “blackout drunk” is one of the most alarming risks associated with binge drinking. While we might look “functional” (maybe even functional enough to drive), we’re actually very intoxicated and not aware of our actions. And because alcohol interferes with the hippocampus — the memory center of the brain — we might not have any memories that led to the aftermath we’re faced with the next day.
Over time, even occasional binge drinking puts us at risk of developing alcohol dependence. The shifts in neurochemistry triggered by booze lead to a higher tolerance: it takes more alcohol to achieve the same effects. As a result, we might find that our binges get larger and more frequent, especially if we start associating binge drinking with relaxation or “letting loose.” The powerful flood of dopamine might tempt us to repeat the binge, leading to increased cravings and eventually causing alcohol dependence to set in.
For example, what starts as a monthly pub crawl tradition with a group of friends might turn into weekly binge drinking. Before we know it, the weekends are starting on Thursdays and we’re finding more and more “reasons” to pick up the glass. While initially binge drinking was a “social thing,” it starts becoming the go-to “solution” for dealing with anything life throws our way.
Now that we see why binge drinking — even on occasion — isn’t the way to go, what can we do about it? It’s all about reframing our mindset and planning ahead.
Want to learn more? Check out “How To Stop Binge Drinking: A Science-Backed Approach.” And remember, Reframe is here to help you every step of the way!
There’s nothing good about binge drinking, and if we do choose to drink, we should space out our drinks to give our liver adequate time to process the alcohol. The best way to keep our liver safe, however, is to avoid drinking altogether!
What does chugging several pints of beer at a frat party, downing five margaritas at a resort, and finishing off a bottle of wine over the course of dinner have in common? They’re all examples of binge drinking. While the first one might seem to be the most obvious danger, all three pose risks — even if they occur occasionally.
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) defines binge drinking as consuming a large amount of alcohol in a short amount of time — usually large enough to raise our blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08% or more. It usually means drinking five or more drinks for men or four or more for women within about two hours.
And while no amount of alcohol does our health any good, binge drinking takes a particularly heavy toll. For a deep dive, check out “Binge Drinking: Definition, Effects, and How To Stop.” For now, here’s the gist:
All in all, binge drinking is asking for trouble. But, you might be thinking, what if it’s not a regular thing? Is doing it once in a while really that big of a deal?
What are the risks of an occasional drinking binge? Let’s take a closer look to find out!
When it comes to binge drinking (even on occasion), the liver bears the brunt of the burden. As the body’s main detox organ, it’s at the front lines of processing alcohol and getting it out of the body. The process involves two steps, one of which produces a toxic byproduct known as acetaldehyde. Eliminating these toxins is taxing for the liver, especially if it gets overloaded. Because it can only process one drink per hour, giving it more than it can handle spells trouble. Here’s what happens in more detail:
The most alarming part? Liver damage often doesn’t have obvious signs, so we might not know this vital organ is having trouble.
Alcohol wreaks havoc on our digestive system, and even occasional binge drinking takes a toll. Studies show that even one bout of binge drinking causes “leaky gut.” And our gut is the last place we want to have a leak: the condition causes toxins to seep out of the digestive tract into the bloodstream.
Another study found similar effects. When participants were given enough booze to raise their BAC to 0.08%, their blood work showed that the “binge for science” resulted in a rise in toxin levels. There were also signs of bacterial DNA, indicating that bacteria seeped out of the gut. Yikes!
As NIAAA director George Koob explains, “While the negative health effects of chronic drinking are well-documented, this is a key study to show that a single alcohol binge can cause damaging effects such as bacterial leakage from the gut into the bloodstream.”
Wake up with a scratchy throat the morning after a night that got a bit too rowdy? It might be more than just all that loud karaoke singing at the bar. Alcohol is known to make us more vulnerable to infections, and science says that even a single bout of binge drinking takes a toll on our immune system. Research shows that it sets us at higher risk of infections for up to 24 hours!
A night of heavy drinking might leave us deep in slumber at the end (hopefully in our own bed). But while the depressant effects cause the initial drowsiness, alcohol wreaks havoc on our sleep patterns, robbing us of the most restorative REM stages and leading to frequent awakenings during the second half of the night.
Another unpleasant surprise? Research shows that a single episode of binge drinking also disrupts our sleep — in a way that might have long term consequences. A team of scientists monitored the sleep patterns of mice that got “drunk for science” to test the effects of drinking. On the surface, the experience was one many of us can relate to: the mice crashed right into deep sleep (skipping the REM stage) and were in for a rude awakening in the second half of the sleep period. However, digging deeper revealed that the single binge drinking episode induced changes in the expression of a gene coding for adenosine, a sleep-promoting chemical. That’s right — a single night of revelry can actually rewrite our genes! The good news is that most damage from alcohol is reversible, as long as we quit drinking and take care of our health.
It might be known as “holiday heart syndrome,” but this unfortunate fallout of binge drinking looms large any day of the year when we choose to overindulge — and it’s nothing to celebrate. The term refers to a form of arrhythmia — a disruption in the electrical signaling of the heart that causes it to beat unevenly.
And even occasional binge drinking can bring it on! Research shows that the potentially dangerous arrhythmia can happen in people who don’t drink on a regular basis but go all out the few times that they do choose to partake.
The pancreas — an organ that plays an important role in digestion and blood sugar regulation — is another potential target for alcohol’s nefarious effects. However, it’s not just frequent alcohol use that puts us in danger!
Research shows that binge drinking can lead to acute pancreatitis — a sudden inflammation of the pancreas that can be triggered by a single night of overindulgence. The risk is especially high for women: scientists have determined that going over the threshold of 40 grams of alcohol in one day (or roughly 3 standard drinks) puts women in serious danger of pancreatitis.
We never think it’ll happen to us, but the stats are sobering: according to the NIAAA, alcohol-related emergency room visits have been on the rise, with an average increase of 210,000 cases per year. And while not all are related to binge drinking, consuming a lot of alcohol at once — even on occasion — puts us at greater risk of overdose and various injuries.
Many of these injuries occur when we get drunk quickly, not realizing how impaired we’ve become. In addition to alcohol overdose (or alcohol poisoning), we’re putting ourselves at serious risk of accidents and injuries. Many occur on the road. Here’s how the NHTSA puts it:
“Every day, about 37 people in the United States die in drunk-driving crashes — that's one person every 39 minutes. In 2022, 13,524 people died in alcohol-impaired driving traffic deaths. These deaths were all preventable.”
In addition to losing our coordination and judgment, we might not even remember what happened. As a result, getting “blackout drunk” is one of the most alarming risks associated with binge drinking. While we might look “functional” (maybe even functional enough to drive), we’re actually very intoxicated and not aware of our actions. And because alcohol interferes with the hippocampus — the memory center of the brain — we might not have any memories that led to the aftermath we’re faced with the next day.
Over time, even occasional binge drinking puts us at risk of developing alcohol dependence. The shifts in neurochemistry triggered by booze lead to a higher tolerance: it takes more alcohol to achieve the same effects. As a result, we might find that our binges get larger and more frequent, especially if we start associating binge drinking with relaxation or “letting loose.” The powerful flood of dopamine might tempt us to repeat the binge, leading to increased cravings and eventually causing alcohol dependence to set in.
For example, what starts as a monthly pub crawl tradition with a group of friends might turn into weekly binge drinking. Before we know it, the weekends are starting on Thursdays and we’re finding more and more “reasons” to pick up the glass. While initially binge drinking was a “social thing,” it starts becoming the go-to “solution” for dealing with anything life throws our way.
Now that we see why binge drinking — even on occasion — isn’t the way to go, what can we do about it? It’s all about reframing our mindset and planning ahead.
Want to learn more? Check out “How To Stop Binge Drinking: A Science-Backed Approach.” And remember, Reframe is here to help you every step of the way!
There’s nothing good about binge drinking, and if we do choose to drink, we should space out our drinks to give our liver adequate time to process the alcohol. The best way to keep our liver safe, however, is to avoid drinking altogether!
Auto-brewery syndrome is a condition that causes intoxication without alcohol. Check out our latest blog for more info on what it entails and the dangers associated.
Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!
The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.
You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.
Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol.
And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).
The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!
A Belgian man was recently charged with a DUI and then later acquitted after claiming that he didn’t drink a drop of alcohol even though his BAC showed otherwise. Is it possible to become intoxicated without drinking any alcohol?
While this isn’t the case for most of us, those who are diagnosed with auto-brewery syndrome do experience this phenomenon. To get a better idea of how this condition can be dangerous with or without consuming alcohol, let’s first understand what auto-brewery syndrome is.
Auto-brewery syndrome is a rare condition that is also known as gut fermentation syndrome. It’s characterized by the overgrowth of certain bacteria and fungi in our gut that can turn carbohydrates into alcohol.
While we all have healthy fungi and bacteria that live in our gut microbiome, overgrowth of these bacteria can lead to issues such as auto-brewery syndrome.
The overgrowth of yeast feeds on sugars that we consume and converts them into energy, producing carbon dioxide and ethanol as byproducts. Ethanol, the intoxicating component of alcohol, enters our bloodstream and travels throughout our body causing symptoms of intoxication. This means that our blood alcohol concentration (BAC) can be elevated without consuming any alcohol and significantly elevated with minimal amounts of alcohol. How did we figure this out?
One of the earliest cases of gut fermentation syndrome was documented in 1948. A five-year-old African boy had passed away after swelling in his GI tract caused his stomach to rupture. When his body was examined postmortem, it was noted that the gas and liquid found in his abdominal cavity smelled like alcohol.
Other early cases were documented in Japan dating back to the 1950s. In 1976, researchers documented a case of a 24-year-old woman who became intoxicated after consuming carbohydrates. Her condition was a result of an overgrowth of fungi, and she was prescribed antifungals while restricting her carbohydrate intake. This resolved her symptoms and paved the way for what we know now about auto-brewery syndrome.
Less than 100 cases are reported worldwide; however, researchers believe the condition is underdiagnosed. To determine how auto-brewery syndrome is diagnosed, let’s first understand why it happens.
Since auto-brewery syndrome is caused by an imbalance of our gut microbiome, several underlying conditions, GI disease, and habits that damage our gut microbiome can lead to the development of the condition. A specific type of yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, is commonly found at abnormal levels in patients with auto-brewery syndrome.
Stemming from gut microbiome imbalance, other conditions can also contribute to the risk of developing auto-brewery syndrome:
Habits that impact our gut microbiome can also increase the risk of auto-brewery syndrome. Excessive and continuous antibiotic use destroys healthy bacteria in our gut. This significantly disrupts our gut microbiome, which can contribute to the overgrowth of bacteria and fungi. A poor diet high in carbohydrates or processed foods can also cause GI distress and imbalances in our gut microbiome.
Now that we understand what can cause auto-brewery syndrome, let’s take a look at the symptoms.
As the name suggests, auto-brewery syndrome means our body produces alcohol inside from within. This explains the symptoms of the condition, which are synonymous with alcohol intoxication and hangover symptoms.
The initial symptoms of auto-brewery syndrome mimic alcohol intoxication:
Once our body metabolizes the alcohol produced by auto-brewery syndrome, we may feel symptoms synonymous with an alcohol hangover:
Symptoms of auto-brewery may subside once our body detoxes the alcohol. If not addressed, symptoms can continue when we consume carbohydrates and sugars. If we experience symptoms of auto-brewery syndrome, how can we be sure it’s not something else?
Auto-brewery syndrome is diagnosed by a physician using a combination of laboratory and observational tests. Since it’s such a rare condition, most physicians will run tests to rule out other common illnesses first.
Preliminary measures, such as reviewing medical history, documenting current symptoms, and completing a physical exam can give our physician a better idea of what may be going on. Blood and urine tests can help rule out underlying conditions. Additional tests such as stool samples and endoscopies may be ordered to check for bacterial or fungal overgrowth.
Once everything else is ruled out, we may undergo a carbohydrate challenge test. This test consists of consuming a carbohydrate-rich meal or glucose pills on an empty stomach and then measuring our BAC. An elevated BAC without drinking alcohol would indicate auto-brewery syndrome. And if our body is producing alcohol on its own, we might want to think twice about drinking alcohol.
Since patients with auto-brewery syndrome convert carbohydrates and sugar, producing alcohol on its own, drinking alcohol can be extremely dangerous. Our BAC may be significantly elevated compared to those without the condition. High BAC can lead to dangerous symptoms of intoxication and cause greater long-term health effects.
Even after auto-brewery syndrome is treated with antifungals, symptoms can often recur. Since alcohol is a substance that disrupts our gut microbiome, drinking alcohol after initial treatment can increase the risk of yeast overgrowth and symptoms of auto-brewery syndrome. Alcohol also puts a damper on our immune system, which plays a major role in protecting our body from harm by keeping harmful bacteria and fungi at bay.
Although our body producing alcohol from carbohydrates and sugars may not seem like such a bad thing, it can be dangerous and difficult to manage. Can you imagine getting drunk from eating a donut? This is just one of many ways auto-brewery syndrome can interfere with our daily life. Let’s explore some other consequences of the condition.
Auto-brewery can be extremely dangerous, especially when not understood or diagnosed. Alcohol has dangerous effects but usually, we’re making a conscious decision to drink. For those of us with auto-brewery syndrome, we can get intoxicated just from eating a meal with carbs. Synonymous with consuming alcohol, intoxication from auto-brewery syndrome can have many dangers:
Alcohol produced by auto-brewery syndrome is also associated with the same long-term health conditions as consuming alcohol:
Even though we may not be consuming alcohol, the ethanol produced by auto-brewery syndrome can lead to cravings and dependence on alcohol. Auto-brewery syndrome can also be associated with legal implications and affect our academic or employment performance. We may not have consumed a drop of alcohol, but our BAC may show otherwise. This can lead to termination from employment, fines for underage drinking, and charges for driving under the influence (DUI) which has happened recently. That being said, the condition can be treated.
Treatment for auto-brewery syndrome often includes a combination of lifestyle changes and medication. Lifestyle changes consist of making dietary adjustments that include the following:
Since auto-brewery syndrome is caused by fungi overgrowth, antifungals (and sometimes antibiotics) are used to treat the condition. Specifically, medications used to treat yeast infections in the gut are commonly used:
Sometimes, probiotic supplements are recommended to help balance the gut microbiome. However, since the condition is not fully understood, individual recommendations may vary. Even after treating auto-brewery syndrome, it can reoccur. For those of us with chronic auto-brewery syndrome, long-term management may be needed.
Making long-term lifestyle changes can help prevent auto-brewery syndrome from coming back. Here are some ways we can better manage auto-brewery syndrome:
Even though alcohol isn’t always a part of auto-brewery syndrome, it can further complicate the issue. Additionally, if untreated, auto-brewery syndrome can cause alcohol dependence — exponentially adding to the dangers.
Auto-brewery syndrome, although extremely rare, is like drinking alcohol without consuming any alcohol. Just as alcohol is produced through yeast fermentation, an overgrowth of yeast in our gut reproduces the same process inside our body. This can be extremely dangerous if left untreated. For those with auto-brewery syndrome, drinking can be exponentially dangerous. That said, quitting or cutting back on alcohol can be beneficial for all of us.
A Belgian man was recently charged with a DUI and then later acquitted after claiming that he didn’t drink a drop of alcohol even though his BAC showed otherwise. Is it possible to become intoxicated without drinking any alcohol?
While this isn’t the case for most of us, those who are diagnosed with auto-brewery syndrome do experience this phenomenon. To get a better idea of how this condition can be dangerous with or without consuming alcohol, let’s first understand what auto-brewery syndrome is.
Auto-brewery syndrome is a rare condition that is also known as gut fermentation syndrome. It’s characterized by the overgrowth of certain bacteria and fungi in our gut that can turn carbohydrates into alcohol.
While we all have healthy fungi and bacteria that live in our gut microbiome, overgrowth of these bacteria can lead to issues such as auto-brewery syndrome.
The overgrowth of yeast feeds on sugars that we consume and converts them into energy, producing carbon dioxide and ethanol as byproducts. Ethanol, the intoxicating component of alcohol, enters our bloodstream and travels throughout our body causing symptoms of intoxication. This means that our blood alcohol concentration (BAC) can be elevated without consuming any alcohol and significantly elevated with minimal amounts of alcohol. How did we figure this out?
One of the earliest cases of gut fermentation syndrome was documented in 1948. A five-year-old African boy had passed away after swelling in his GI tract caused his stomach to rupture. When his body was examined postmortem, it was noted that the gas and liquid found in his abdominal cavity smelled like alcohol.
Other early cases were documented in Japan dating back to the 1950s. In 1976, researchers documented a case of a 24-year-old woman who became intoxicated after consuming carbohydrates. Her condition was a result of an overgrowth of fungi, and she was prescribed antifungals while restricting her carbohydrate intake. This resolved her symptoms and paved the way for what we know now about auto-brewery syndrome.
Less than 100 cases are reported worldwide; however, researchers believe the condition is underdiagnosed. To determine how auto-brewery syndrome is diagnosed, let’s first understand why it happens.
Since auto-brewery syndrome is caused by an imbalance of our gut microbiome, several underlying conditions, GI disease, and habits that damage our gut microbiome can lead to the development of the condition. A specific type of yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, is commonly found at abnormal levels in patients with auto-brewery syndrome.
Stemming from gut microbiome imbalance, other conditions can also contribute to the risk of developing auto-brewery syndrome:
Habits that impact our gut microbiome can also increase the risk of auto-brewery syndrome. Excessive and continuous antibiotic use destroys healthy bacteria in our gut. This significantly disrupts our gut microbiome, which can contribute to the overgrowth of bacteria and fungi. A poor diet high in carbohydrates or processed foods can also cause GI distress and imbalances in our gut microbiome.
Now that we understand what can cause auto-brewery syndrome, let’s take a look at the symptoms.
As the name suggests, auto-brewery syndrome means our body produces alcohol inside from within. This explains the symptoms of the condition, which are synonymous with alcohol intoxication and hangover symptoms.
The initial symptoms of auto-brewery syndrome mimic alcohol intoxication:
Once our body metabolizes the alcohol produced by auto-brewery syndrome, we may feel symptoms synonymous with an alcohol hangover:
Symptoms of auto-brewery may subside once our body detoxes the alcohol. If not addressed, symptoms can continue when we consume carbohydrates and sugars. If we experience symptoms of auto-brewery syndrome, how can we be sure it’s not something else?
Auto-brewery syndrome is diagnosed by a physician using a combination of laboratory and observational tests. Since it’s such a rare condition, most physicians will run tests to rule out other common illnesses first.
Preliminary measures, such as reviewing medical history, documenting current symptoms, and completing a physical exam can give our physician a better idea of what may be going on. Blood and urine tests can help rule out underlying conditions. Additional tests such as stool samples and endoscopies may be ordered to check for bacterial or fungal overgrowth.
Once everything else is ruled out, we may undergo a carbohydrate challenge test. This test consists of consuming a carbohydrate-rich meal or glucose pills on an empty stomach and then measuring our BAC. An elevated BAC without drinking alcohol would indicate auto-brewery syndrome. And if our body is producing alcohol on its own, we might want to think twice about drinking alcohol.
Since patients with auto-brewery syndrome convert carbohydrates and sugar, producing alcohol on its own, drinking alcohol can be extremely dangerous. Our BAC may be significantly elevated compared to those without the condition. High BAC can lead to dangerous symptoms of intoxication and cause greater long-term health effects.
Even after auto-brewery syndrome is treated with antifungals, symptoms can often recur. Since alcohol is a substance that disrupts our gut microbiome, drinking alcohol after initial treatment can increase the risk of yeast overgrowth and symptoms of auto-brewery syndrome. Alcohol also puts a damper on our immune system, which plays a major role in protecting our body from harm by keeping harmful bacteria and fungi at bay.
Although our body producing alcohol from carbohydrates and sugars may not seem like such a bad thing, it can be dangerous and difficult to manage. Can you imagine getting drunk from eating a donut? This is just one of many ways auto-brewery syndrome can interfere with our daily life. Let’s explore some other consequences of the condition.
Auto-brewery can be extremely dangerous, especially when not understood or diagnosed. Alcohol has dangerous effects but usually, we’re making a conscious decision to drink. For those of us with auto-brewery syndrome, we can get intoxicated just from eating a meal with carbs. Synonymous with consuming alcohol, intoxication from auto-brewery syndrome can have many dangers:
Alcohol produced by auto-brewery syndrome is also associated with the same long-term health conditions as consuming alcohol:
Even though we may not be consuming alcohol, the ethanol produced by auto-brewery syndrome can lead to cravings and dependence on alcohol. Auto-brewery syndrome can also be associated with legal implications and affect our academic or employment performance. We may not have consumed a drop of alcohol, but our BAC may show otherwise. This can lead to termination from employment, fines for underage drinking, and charges for driving under the influence (DUI) which has happened recently. That being said, the condition can be treated.
Treatment for auto-brewery syndrome often includes a combination of lifestyle changes and medication. Lifestyle changes consist of making dietary adjustments that include the following:
Since auto-brewery syndrome is caused by fungi overgrowth, antifungals (and sometimes antibiotics) are used to treat the condition. Specifically, medications used to treat yeast infections in the gut are commonly used:
Sometimes, probiotic supplements are recommended to help balance the gut microbiome. However, since the condition is not fully understood, individual recommendations may vary. Even after treating auto-brewery syndrome, it can reoccur. For those of us with chronic auto-brewery syndrome, long-term management may be needed.
Making long-term lifestyle changes can help prevent auto-brewery syndrome from coming back. Here are some ways we can better manage auto-brewery syndrome:
Even though alcohol isn’t always a part of auto-brewery syndrome, it can further complicate the issue. Additionally, if untreated, auto-brewery syndrome can cause alcohol dependence — exponentially adding to the dangers.
Auto-brewery syndrome, although extremely rare, is like drinking alcohol without consuming any alcohol. Just as alcohol is produced through yeast fermentation, an overgrowth of yeast in our gut reproduces the same process inside our body. This can be extremely dangerous if left untreated. For those with auto-brewery syndrome, drinking can be exponentially dangerous. That said, quitting or cutting back on alcohol can be beneficial for all of us.
Alcohol and flying is a common but potentially risky combination. Check out our latest blog for more about the unique risks of drinking before and while in the air.
Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!
The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.
You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.
Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol.
And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).
The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!
Having a drink on a flight to calm the nerves or kick off the start of some much-needed time off is a common occurrence. However, with a recent rise in in-cabin incidents dubbed “air rage,” could alcohol be to blame?
As it turns out, drinking alcohol in the air can affect us differently than it does on the ground. Let’s explore the unique risks of drinking in the air to help us decide whether skipping the drink on our next flight is the best move.
In 1914, the first commercial airline, the St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line was introduced. However, it wasn’t until after the 1940s when Prohibition died down that alcohol was served in-flight.
From the 1950s through the 1970s, known as the Golden Era of Flying, commercial flying took off. Throughout this time until the late 90s alcohol was served in-flight free of charge, much like the little packets of peanuts and pretzels we get today. It became an integral part of the luxurious flying experience.
Aside from the temporary pause in in-flight drink services during the COVID-19 pandemic due to mask mandates, alcohol continues to be a major component of in-flight services. Although alcoholic beverages are no longer free, they remain popular and have become intertwined with the in-air experience.
Airlines have strict policies for carry-on and checked luggage. However, as long as alcohol meets these requirements, including size restrictions and alcohol by volume (ABV), it can be brought onto the plane. Alcohol can even be purchased at duty-free stores in the airport, and drinks are offered or sold at airline terminals and lounges.
Although we can bring our own alcohol onto the plane, we’re not allowed to drink it there. This is to prevent excessive drinking in-flight. All alcohol consumed in the cabin must be served by a flight attendant. While there’s no limit to the number of drinks that can be purchased, flight attendants are allowed to refuse to serve alcohol if a passenger appears to be intoxicated. With the recent in-flight incidents, are those of us who drink becoming more intoxicated while flying? Is that because alcohol affects us differently in the air?
Anecdotal reports claim that drinking on a plane affects us differently than if we were to drink the same amount at ground level. However, research shows that altitude does not directly affect our blood alcohol concentration (BAC). So why might we feel different?
As it turns out, the conditions of a plane cabin and the high altitude can play major roles. At high elevations, there is less oxygen available, which is essential for normal bodily function. Although the plane cabin is pressurized to allow us to breathe at high altitudes, the oxygen levels available are lower than at ground level.
Many people report getting drunk faster or getting more drunk on a plane. However, although it may feel like it, alcohol doesn’t increase our BAC faster or higher on a plane.
The specific conditions of a plane environment can impact our experience. Lower oxygen availability can cause symptoms such as increased heart rate, confusion, and disorientation — adding to the effects of alcohol intoxication.
Alcohol also impacts our vestibular system, which controls our balance and coordination. The added movement of being in flight can further throw off our balance and motor coordination. These factors create the feeling of being more tipsy or drunk when drinking on a plane than under regular conditions.
Ever feel more exhausted after traveling even though you’ve been sitting most of the time? Although we may not be doing much while we’re on a flight, the environment is a big adjustment for our body. Adding alcohol, a toxin, to the equation can cause even more stress.
Added stress can also impact our metabolization. The slower metabolization of alcohol means that the toxins linger in our body longer. This can increase the risk of harm that alcohol has on our cells and organs. While one drink may not make a significant difference, one drink on every flight (especially if we’re frequent fliers) can lead to an increased risk of alcohol-related health conditions. Does this mean we should completely avoid it?
While drinking on a flight is quite prevalent, it’s associated with greater risks than drinking at ground level (although there’s already an extensive list of risks associated with drinking regularly).
There are plenty of alternatives to help us relax if we’re nervous fliers. And there are plenty of other activities and non-alcoholic beverages that can kick off a vacation.
Since alcohol affects us all differently, there’s no set amount of alcohol that is deemed “safe” or “ok” for in-flight consumption. If we do decide to drink, it’s best to follow moderate consumption guidelines.
Moderate drinking guidelines suggest no more than two drinks in a day for men and no more than one drink in a day for women. Since drinking in-flight can be associated with even greater risks, even moderate consumption can be associated with greater consequences than drinking regularly. Let’s get a better idea of the unique risks of drinking while in the air.
Due to the specific environment of a plane cabin, drinking has additional risks in comparison to drinking on ground level:
The environment of a plane cabin can heighten the risks of alcohol. If we choose to drink, we can minimize the risks by practicing mindful drinking.
Practicing mindful consumption while flying can help us prioritize our health and well-being while avoiding an unpleasant aftermath. We can implement strategies to practice responsible drinking while flying:
Excessive drinking anywhere can be detrimental to our health. Implementing these mindful drinking strategies on and off the plane can help us develop a more positive relationship with alcohol.
Drinking while flying is often associated with “just taking the edge off” or “kicking off the party early,” but it does more harm than good. Although being in the air doesn’t affect the actual potency of alcohol, the unique environment of a plane cabin adds to the risks of alcohol. Put on your favorite show and mix up a fun mocktail to prevent the heightened risks of drinking in the air. Say goodbye to feeling unwell by avoiding alcohol when you fly!
Having a drink on a flight to calm the nerves or kick off the start of some much-needed time off is a common occurrence. However, with a recent rise in in-cabin incidents dubbed “air rage,” could alcohol be to blame?
As it turns out, drinking alcohol in the air can affect us differently than it does on the ground. Let’s explore the unique risks of drinking in the air to help us decide whether skipping the drink on our next flight is the best move.
In 1914, the first commercial airline, the St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line was introduced. However, it wasn’t until after the 1940s when Prohibition died down that alcohol was served in-flight.
From the 1950s through the 1970s, known as the Golden Era of Flying, commercial flying took off. Throughout this time until the late 90s alcohol was served in-flight free of charge, much like the little packets of peanuts and pretzels we get today. It became an integral part of the luxurious flying experience.
Aside from the temporary pause in in-flight drink services during the COVID-19 pandemic due to mask mandates, alcohol continues to be a major component of in-flight services. Although alcoholic beverages are no longer free, they remain popular and have become intertwined with the in-air experience.
Airlines have strict policies for carry-on and checked luggage. However, as long as alcohol meets these requirements, including size restrictions and alcohol by volume (ABV), it can be brought onto the plane. Alcohol can even be purchased at duty-free stores in the airport, and drinks are offered or sold at airline terminals and lounges.
Although we can bring our own alcohol onto the plane, we’re not allowed to drink it there. This is to prevent excessive drinking in-flight. All alcohol consumed in the cabin must be served by a flight attendant. While there’s no limit to the number of drinks that can be purchased, flight attendants are allowed to refuse to serve alcohol if a passenger appears to be intoxicated. With the recent in-flight incidents, are those of us who drink becoming more intoxicated while flying? Is that because alcohol affects us differently in the air?
Anecdotal reports claim that drinking on a plane affects us differently than if we were to drink the same amount at ground level. However, research shows that altitude does not directly affect our blood alcohol concentration (BAC). So why might we feel different?
As it turns out, the conditions of a plane cabin and the high altitude can play major roles. At high elevations, there is less oxygen available, which is essential for normal bodily function. Although the plane cabin is pressurized to allow us to breathe at high altitudes, the oxygen levels available are lower than at ground level.
Many people report getting drunk faster or getting more drunk on a plane. However, although it may feel like it, alcohol doesn’t increase our BAC faster or higher on a plane.
The specific conditions of a plane environment can impact our experience. Lower oxygen availability can cause symptoms such as increased heart rate, confusion, and disorientation — adding to the effects of alcohol intoxication.
Alcohol also impacts our vestibular system, which controls our balance and coordination. The added movement of being in flight can further throw off our balance and motor coordination. These factors create the feeling of being more tipsy or drunk when drinking on a plane than under regular conditions.
Ever feel more exhausted after traveling even though you’ve been sitting most of the time? Although we may not be doing much while we’re on a flight, the environment is a big adjustment for our body. Adding alcohol, a toxin, to the equation can cause even more stress.
Added stress can also impact our metabolization. The slower metabolization of alcohol means that the toxins linger in our body longer. This can increase the risk of harm that alcohol has on our cells and organs. While one drink may not make a significant difference, one drink on every flight (especially if we’re frequent fliers) can lead to an increased risk of alcohol-related health conditions. Does this mean we should completely avoid it?
While drinking on a flight is quite prevalent, it’s associated with greater risks than drinking at ground level (although there’s already an extensive list of risks associated with drinking regularly).
There are plenty of alternatives to help us relax if we’re nervous fliers. And there are plenty of other activities and non-alcoholic beverages that can kick off a vacation.
Since alcohol affects us all differently, there’s no set amount of alcohol that is deemed “safe” or “ok” for in-flight consumption. If we do decide to drink, it’s best to follow moderate consumption guidelines.
Moderate drinking guidelines suggest no more than two drinks in a day for men and no more than one drink in a day for women. Since drinking in-flight can be associated with even greater risks, even moderate consumption can be associated with greater consequences than drinking regularly. Let’s get a better idea of the unique risks of drinking while in the air.
Due to the specific environment of a plane cabin, drinking has additional risks in comparison to drinking on ground level:
The environment of a plane cabin can heighten the risks of alcohol. If we choose to drink, we can minimize the risks by practicing mindful drinking.
Practicing mindful consumption while flying can help us prioritize our health and well-being while avoiding an unpleasant aftermath. We can implement strategies to practice responsible drinking while flying:
Excessive drinking anywhere can be detrimental to our health. Implementing these mindful drinking strategies on and off the plane can help us develop a more positive relationship with alcohol.
Drinking while flying is often associated with “just taking the edge off” or “kicking off the party early,” but it does more harm than good. Although being in the air doesn’t affect the actual potency of alcohol, the unique environment of a plane cabin adds to the risks of alcohol. Put on your favorite show and mix up a fun mocktail to prevent the heightened risks of drinking in the air. Say goodbye to feeling unwell by avoiding alcohol when you fly!
Alcohol can cause pregnancy complications even prior to conception. Check out our latest blog for more info on alcohol’s pre-pregnancy effects and how to prevent them.
Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!
The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.
You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.
Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol.
And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).
The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!
You might be gearing up for one of the most transformative chapters of your life: pregnancy. You’re trying to do everything right — eating well, taking prenatal vitamins, and staying active. But what if the choices you made before your pregnancy even began could still cast a shadow on this new journey?
Before you pop the champagne on the journey to parenthood, it’s crucial to understand how drinking before pregnancy could impact the future of your child. Let’s explore the potential complications that can arise from pre-pregnancy drinking and how you can ensure a healthy start for you and your baby.
Alcohol impacts various stages of pregnancy including prior to conception. Understanding how helps protect the well-being of the mother and the baby.
Alcohol significantly affects fertility for both women and men, making it more difficult to conceive. For women, alcohol causes hormonal imbalances, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and even periods without ovulation (anovulation). Alcohol can also impair the health of our eggs. All of this means that alcohol can make it more difficult to become pregnant. It also can impair the success and health of the fetus. But alcohol doesn’t affect only women or the potential mother.
For men, alcohol impacts fertility by reducing levels of testosterone, which is essential for healthy sperm production. Regular drinking is associated with lower sperm count and decreased sperm motility, which can impact successful conception. Research shows that even moderate alcohol consumption affects fertility. So, if you’re ready to start this new chapter of your life, making more mindful decisions about drinking can be a significant step towards a healthy future.
Conception refers to the moment when the sperm fertilizes the egg. It’s the first step of the pregnancy process but won’t lead to pregnancy unless implantation occurs. Implantation is when the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining. If implantation is successful, the pregnancy begins. It’s estimated that 50% of fertilized eggs don’t implant. On top of that, alcohol can interfere with the implantation process, making that percentage even lower.
Drinking also alters the hormonal balance and disrupts the endometrial lining, which is crucial for the embryo to grow and thrive. Studies show that drinking after conception increases the risk of miscarriage and complications in fetal development. One study found that alcohol increases the risk of macrosomia and growth retardation, which are correlated with maternal metabolic disorders. Most of the time, women don’t find out they’re pregnant days or even weeks after conception, so they might continue to drink, not knowing that they’re harming the health of their pregnancy. But it doesn’t end here.
Drinking during the early stages of pregnancy also impacts the health of the mother. Maternal metabolic disorders such as obesity, hypertension, and gestational diabetes can have adverse long-term effects on the mother’s health, as they increase the risk of other health complications. Although conception is the first step of pregnancy, the serious consequences of drinking during this period underline the importance of avoiding alcohol during this time.
We’ve discussed drinking during the early stages of pregnancy, but drinking later on in the pregnancy is just as dangerous. Alcohol can cross the placenta and enter the baby’s bloodstream, interfering with critical stages of fetal development. The result could be a range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments known as fetal alcohol syndrome disorders (FASDs).
FASDs can range from cognitive and behavioral problems, such as developmental delays, learning disabilities, and difficulties with attention and impulse control. Possible physical abnormalities include facial dysmorphia, growth deficiencies, and organ malformations. All of these severely impact the health and well-being of the child far beyond childhood.
Studies show that even low-to-moderate alcohol consumption can affect fetal brain development and cause long-term effects on cognitive and emotional functioning.
As we’ve learned, alcohol during pregnancy and even before the pregnancy can have lasting impacts on both the mother’s and baby’s health. But when is the right time to stop drinking?
While there is no exact timeframe to stop drinking before pregnancy that will eliminate all complications, generally, the earlier the better. An analysis on prenatal alcohol consumption suggests that women should stop drinking a year before conception and men should stop drinking at least 6 months before conception.
But this gets a bit complicated, as sometimes it’s not an intentional decision to get pregnant. So, for women and men who are of childbearing age, sexually active, and aren’t using birth control, quitting or cutting back on alcohol is a good idea. Not only is it beneficial to your own health and well-being, but it’ll be beneficial when you do decide to start a family.
Pregnancy is already stressful. The last thing we need is to freak ourselves out even more. If you’ve been drinking alcohol before you found out you’re pregnant, it’s important to stop immediately. Continuing to drink will only do more harm.
It’s also important to schedule a medical appointment with your doctor. They may choose to run tests or use imaging to check the baby’s health. During this time it’s crucial to communicate with your doctor that you’ve consumed alcohol and that you’re concerned about your baby’s health. Having all the information will help them run the necessary diagnostics and develop a treatment plan if needed. They’re not there to judge you — they’re there to help!
A healthy pregnancy can benefit from steps we take long before we’re pregnant. Now that we’ve learned about alcohol’s effects on pregnancy, let’s set ourselves up for success with these healthy practices:
These positive habits apply to more than just women looking to get pregnant or who are already pregnant. Having a healthy lifestyle is beneficial for everyone! And while these tips increase the chance of a healthy pregnancy, a positive lifestyle overall is key!
The choices we make before pregnancy can have a lasting impact on our future health and the well-being of our children. Drinking before pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications, impacts fetal development, and can lead to our own health issues. While there isn’t an exact amount of time determined, it’s recommended to stop drinking at least 6 months to a year before conception. However, for those who aren’t intentionally trying to conceive, things can get even trickier. Quit or cut back on alcohol not only to embrace a healthier lifestyle but also to set the stage for a positive and thriving pregnancy.
You might be gearing up for one of the most transformative chapters of your life: pregnancy. You’re trying to do everything right — eating well, taking prenatal vitamins, and staying active. But what if the choices you made before your pregnancy even began could still cast a shadow on this new journey?
Before you pop the champagne on the journey to parenthood, it’s crucial to understand how drinking before pregnancy could impact the future of your child. Let’s explore the potential complications that can arise from pre-pregnancy drinking and how you can ensure a healthy start for you and your baby.
Alcohol impacts various stages of pregnancy including prior to conception. Understanding how helps protect the well-being of the mother and the baby.
Alcohol significantly affects fertility for both women and men, making it more difficult to conceive. For women, alcohol causes hormonal imbalances, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and even periods without ovulation (anovulation). Alcohol can also impair the health of our eggs. All of this means that alcohol can make it more difficult to become pregnant. It also can impair the success and health of the fetus. But alcohol doesn’t affect only women or the potential mother.
For men, alcohol impacts fertility by reducing levels of testosterone, which is essential for healthy sperm production. Regular drinking is associated with lower sperm count and decreased sperm motility, which can impact successful conception. Research shows that even moderate alcohol consumption affects fertility. So, if you’re ready to start this new chapter of your life, making more mindful decisions about drinking can be a significant step towards a healthy future.
Conception refers to the moment when the sperm fertilizes the egg. It’s the first step of the pregnancy process but won’t lead to pregnancy unless implantation occurs. Implantation is when the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining. If implantation is successful, the pregnancy begins. It’s estimated that 50% of fertilized eggs don’t implant. On top of that, alcohol can interfere with the implantation process, making that percentage even lower.
Drinking also alters the hormonal balance and disrupts the endometrial lining, which is crucial for the embryo to grow and thrive. Studies show that drinking after conception increases the risk of miscarriage and complications in fetal development. One study found that alcohol increases the risk of macrosomia and growth retardation, which are correlated with maternal metabolic disorders. Most of the time, women don’t find out they’re pregnant days or even weeks after conception, so they might continue to drink, not knowing that they’re harming the health of their pregnancy. But it doesn’t end here.
Drinking during the early stages of pregnancy also impacts the health of the mother. Maternal metabolic disorders such as obesity, hypertension, and gestational diabetes can have adverse long-term effects on the mother’s health, as they increase the risk of other health complications. Although conception is the first step of pregnancy, the serious consequences of drinking during this period underline the importance of avoiding alcohol during this time.
We’ve discussed drinking during the early stages of pregnancy, but drinking later on in the pregnancy is just as dangerous. Alcohol can cross the placenta and enter the baby’s bloodstream, interfering with critical stages of fetal development. The result could be a range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments known as fetal alcohol syndrome disorders (FASDs).
FASDs can range from cognitive and behavioral problems, such as developmental delays, learning disabilities, and difficulties with attention and impulse control. Possible physical abnormalities include facial dysmorphia, growth deficiencies, and organ malformations. All of these severely impact the health and well-being of the child far beyond childhood.
Studies show that even low-to-moderate alcohol consumption can affect fetal brain development and cause long-term effects on cognitive and emotional functioning.
As we’ve learned, alcohol during pregnancy and even before the pregnancy can have lasting impacts on both the mother’s and baby’s health. But when is the right time to stop drinking?
While there is no exact timeframe to stop drinking before pregnancy that will eliminate all complications, generally, the earlier the better. An analysis on prenatal alcohol consumption suggests that women should stop drinking a year before conception and men should stop drinking at least 6 months before conception.
But this gets a bit complicated, as sometimes it’s not an intentional decision to get pregnant. So, for women and men who are of childbearing age, sexually active, and aren’t using birth control, quitting or cutting back on alcohol is a good idea. Not only is it beneficial to your own health and well-being, but it’ll be beneficial when you do decide to start a family.
Pregnancy is already stressful. The last thing we need is to freak ourselves out even more. If you’ve been drinking alcohol before you found out you’re pregnant, it’s important to stop immediately. Continuing to drink will only do more harm.
It’s also important to schedule a medical appointment with your doctor. They may choose to run tests or use imaging to check the baby’s health. During this time it’s crucial to communicate with your doctor that you’ve consumed alcohol and that you’re concerned about your baby’s health. Having all the information will help them run the necessary diagnostics and develop a treatment plan if needed. They’re not there to judge you — they’re there to help!
A healthy pregnancy can benefit from steps we take long before we’re pregnant. Now that we’ve learned about alcohol’s effects on pregnancy, let’s set ourselves up for success with these healthy practices:
These positive habits apply to more than just women looking to get pregnant or who are already pregnant. Having a healthy lifestyle is beneficial for everyone! And while these tips increase the chance of a healthy pregnancy, a positive lifestyle overall is key!
The choices we make before pregnancy can have a lasting impact on our future health and the well-being of our children. Drinking before pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications, impacts fetal development, and can lead to our own health issues. While there isn’t an exact amount of time determined, it’s recommended to stop drinking at least 6 months to a year before conception. However, for those who aren’t intentionally trying to conceive, things can get even trickier. Quit or cut back on alcohol not only to embrace a healthier lifestyle but also to set the stage for a positive and thriving pregnancy.
