The 7 Types of Cancer Caused By Alcohol

Cancer is scary — we don’t really like to think about it. And yet, each time we raise a glass for a toast, unwind with a frosty beer after a long day, or complement our meals with a smooth glass of wine, we might inadvertently be playing a dangerous game with our health.

Research shows that even moderate alcohol use can increase our risk of various types of cancer. These claims might sound somewhat shocking, but they’re backed by solid scientific evidence — and this isn't a game of chance we want to play. So, let's delve into seven types of cancer that have been scientifically linked to alcohol consumption.

1. Breast Cancer

Did you know that every drink we have daily can raise our risk of breast cancer by 7-10%? This is because alcohol can increase estrogen levels in the body. While essential for many bodily functions, estrogen is a hormone that can stimulate the growth of some types of breast cancer cells.

2. Liver Cancer

Liver cancer is one of the most common types of cancer types worldwide, and alcohol has a big part to play here. The liver is a marvel of multitasking: it's involved in various essential functions, such as breaking down harmful substances — including alcohol — from our blood and converting food into energy. Unfortunately, when alcohol enters the scene, it can disrupt these operations, which can eventually lead to serious health problems, including liver cancer.

When we drink alcohol, our liver works to break it down into different chemicals, one of which is acetaldehyde — a known carcinogen. Our bodies do have ways to neutralize and eliminate acetaldehyde, but when we drink to excess, it can build up and damage our liver cells, increasing the likelihood of abnormal cell growth.

The problem doesn’t end there, though. Excessive drinking over a long time can lead to alcoholic liver disease, aka cirrhosis, in which healthy liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue — and eventually liver cancer. This progression isn't immediate, but every drink takes us another step closer.

3. Mouth and Throat Cancer

When we take a sip of alcohol, our mouth and throat are the first in line. Over time, alcohol can damage cells in these areas and trigger changes that might lead to mouth and throat cancer. And if we smoke while drinking, the risk becomes even higher.

Moreover, alcohol consumption can lead to deficiencies of a type of B-vitamin known as folate — a risk factor for mouth and throat cancer.

4. Esophageal Cancer

Alcohol can also lead to esophageal cancer. As we swallow our drink, alcohol comes into direct contact with the esophagus. This contact can lead to irritation and inflammation, causing damage to the esophageal cells. With frequent alcohol exposure, the body’s repair processes can go awry, causing DNA changes in the esophageal cells and potentially leading to esophageal cancer.

One type of esophageal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, has been strongly linked to alcohol consumption. The risk is particularly high if we consume large amounts of alcohol over many years. This risk is amplified dramatically if we combine drinking with smoking, creating a potent cocktail of irritants for our esophagus.

Moreover, alcohol makes our esophagus more vulnerable to the damaging effects of acid reflux — a significant risk factor for another type of esophageal cancer called adenocarcinoma.

5. Stomach Cancer

Our stomachs are not exempt from alcohol's reach either. The stomach is our body's food processor — it breaks down what we eat and drink, preparing it to be used for energy. However, alcohol can disrupt the stomach's protective lining, making it more susceptible to the harmful effects of its own digestive juices. This can lead to ulcers and gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining. Both conditions increase the risk of stomach cancer over time.

Moreover, alcohol can act as a solvent, helping other harmful chemicals — such as those from tobacco smoke or certain foods — penetrate the stomach lining, further increasing the risk.

Chronic heavy drinking also affects the stomach’s balance of acids and enzymes, disrupting digestion and leading to malnutrition. At the same time, alcohol's diuretic effect can lead to dehydration, which slows the removal of harmful substances from the stomach, prolonging their contact with the stomach lining.

6. Colorectal Cancer

Alcohol's journey through our bodies doesn't end at the throat or stomach. It also impacts our colon and rectum, where it can increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Studies suggest that alcohol's carcinogenic byproducts, including acetaldehyde, can damage DNA and proteins in our colon and rectum, leading to abnormal cell growth and, potentially, cancer.

7. Pancreatic Cancer

Finally, we come to pancreatic cancer. The pancreas is a vital organ in our body with two primary roles: aiding digestion and regulating blood sugar. Despite not being as direct or common as with some other cancers, the link between alcohol and pancreatic cancer is worth looking into.

With chronic alcohol consumption, the pancreas can become inflamed, a condition known as pancreatitis. While acute pancreatitis is usually a short-term illness, it can become chronic with continued drinking. Over time, the constant inflammation and damage can cause DNA changes that lead to abnormal cell growth and, potentially, to cancer.

Taking Charge

That's some heavy stuff, right? But here's the silver lining: we have the power to lower our risk with these simple, concrete steps:

• Set Drinking Limits. A good first step is to set limits on how much we drink. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines moderate drinking as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.
• Have Alcohol-Free Days. Declare certain days of the week alcohol-free. This helps break the routine of daily drinking and makes cutting back a little easier.
• Choose Alcohol-Free Alternatives. So many great non-alcoholic alternatives are available these days. From alcohol-free beers and wines to fancy mocktails, we can still enjoy a tasty drink without the alcohol.
• Get Active. Regular physical activity is not only good for our general health, but it can also reduce our risk of several types of cancer. Plus, it's a great way to distract ourselves if we're feeling the urge to drink.
• Ask for Support. Remember, it's okay to ask for help, and we're not in this alone. Support groups, counseling services, and healthcare providers can provide guidance and support.
• Regular Check-ups. Regular health check-ups can catch potential issues early. If you’re worried about the possible effects of drinking, it's a good idea to talk to your healthcare provider.

The important thing is, every step we take towards reducing our alcohol intake is a victory. It's not about doing it perfectly—it's about making progress.